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"ABSTRAKStrategi Perjuangan Politik Abdoel Moe is dalam Sarekat Islam, 1915-1923. Di bawah bimbingan Dr. Anhar Gonggong. Fakultas Sastra Univereitas Indonesia.Studi ini adalah kajian Sejarah Pergerakan Nasional dengan mengambil peran central pada sikap politik Abdoel Moeis terhadap kebijaksanaan pemerintah Kolonial belanda dalam kurun waktu antara tahun 1915-1923. Dalam kurun wahtu tersebut, persoalan Indie Weerbaar dan Vo1ksraad menjadi diskursus politik yang hangat, tidak lain karena munculnya pendapat yang berbeda.Dalam hal ini terlihat cara pandang atau sikap kaum pergerakan dalam memandang persoalan-persoalan di atas. Pro dan kontra muncul dalam mensikapi politik kolonial tersebut.Cara pandang yang berbeda terhadap persoalan itu dapat dipandang sebagai suatu strategi dalam mensikapi kebijaksanaan pemerintah kolonial.Politik Abdoel Moeis yang bekerjasama dengan pemerintah yang menyetujui diadakannya Indie Weerbaar dan Volksraad bukan berarti menyetujui politik yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah kolonial Belanda. Hal itu dapat dipandang sebagai strategi perjuangan politiknya dan dapat dipandang sebagai suatu sasaran antara. Artinya, dengan penerimaan itu ada target-target tertentu yang hendak dicapai oleh Abdoel Moeis lewat institusi atau persoalan-persoalan politik yang menyangkut Bumiputera.Dengan adanya pergerakan Indie Weerbaar misalnya, Moeis memandang bahwa dengan ikut sertanya rakyat dalam pergerakan itu, bukan berarti hendak mengumpankan menjadi peluru meriam, namun rakyat diajak ikut serta berpartisipasi memikirkan nasib bangsanya lewat persoalan-persoalan itu. Rakyat diharapkan dapat secara sadar bahwa persoalan itu adalah juga kelak akan ada buahnya untuk bangsa ini.Begitu juga halnya dengan persoalan partisipasi partai dalam Volksraad. Moeis melihatnya juga dalam kerangka strategi. Artinya, dengan masuk ke dalam sistem pemrintahan kolonial itu, selain dapat mengemukakan persoalan-persoalan yang dihadapi rakyat, juga melalui institusi itu dipandang sebagai sarana proses pembelajaran politik bagi bangsa ini jika kelak nanti siap untuk berpemerintahan sendiri, sebagaimana yang sering ia dengungkan dalam setiap tulisan--tulisannya, yaitu Zelfbestuur. Terlepas dari sasaran akhir yang hendak dicapainya itu, adalah melalui proses. Yang jelas, dalam batas-batas tertentu ia telah mencapai apa yang diinginkannya demi memajukan Bumiputera (rakyat)."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan mengenai dominasiMitsubishi pada tahun 1973-1985 di Indonesia. Pembahasan ini akan dijelaskan melaluidinamika perusahaan dan studi kasus atas keunggulan Mitsubishi di Indonesia padatahun-tahun ini. Skripsi ini memulai pembahasan kepada bagaimana Jepang yang tengahmengalami kebangkitan industri otomotif melakukan investasi besar ke Indonesia, dandalam waktu singkat menjadi pemain utama dalam industri otomotif nasional. Penulismenggunakan studi kasus perusahaan Mitsubishi, yang menjadi produsen terbesarkendaraan roda empat di Indonesia pada periode ini. Mitsubishi sendiri adalah perusahaanasal Jepang yang pada tahun 1970-an melakukan ekspansi ke pasar otomotif internasionaltermasuk Indonesia. Mitsubishi bersama dengan PT. Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian Motorsmenerapkan berbagai kebijakan seperti mendirikan setidaknya lima anak perusahaanyang membantu Mitsubishi mendominasi penjualan kendaraan roda empat dengan lebihoptimal. Selanjutnya, skripsi ini juga memberikan penjelasan mengenai keunggulankeunggulanyang dimiliki oleh Mitsubishi di Indonesia. Mulai dari produk kendaraansebagai bentuk keunggulan teknologi, strategi pemasaran, strategi produksi, dan strategidistribusi yang memberikan dorongan signifikan dalam persaingannya dengan berbagaimerk dagang asal Jepang sehingga dapat menjadi pemain utama dalam industri otomotifnasional tahun 1973-1985.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to provide an explanation of Mitsubishis dominance in 1973-1985 in Indonesia. This discussion will be explained through the companys dynamicsand case studies of Mitsubishis excellence in Indonesia in recent years. This thesis beginsa discussion on how Japan, which is experiencing a revival of the automotive industry,made a major investment in Indonesia, and in a short time became a major player in thenational automotive industry. The author uses a case study of the Mitsubishi company,which became the largest producer of four-wheeled vehicles in Indonesia in this period.Mitsubishi itself is a Japanese company which in the 1970s expanded into theinternational automotive market including Indonesia. Mitsubishi together with PT. KramaYudha Tiga Berlian Motors implemented various policies such as establishing at leastfive subsidiaries that helped Mitsubishi dominate the sale of four-wheeled vehicles moreoptimally. Furthermore, this paper also provides an explanation of the advantagespossessed by Mitsubishi in Indonesia. Starting from vehicle products as a form oftechnological excellence, marketing strategies, production strategies, and distributionstrategies that provide a significant boost in competition with various Japanesetrademarks so that they can become major players in the national automotive industryfrom 1973-1985."

"[Penelitian ini membahas pembelaan majalah Sabili terhadap permasalahan umat Islam di Palestina. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode sejarah, dan menggunakan bantuan teknik analisis wacana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami pandangan Sabili sebagai pers Islam illegal pada masa Orde Baru terhadap permasalahan umat Islam di Palestina. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pembelaan yang dilakukan Sabili terhadap Palestina adalah karena adanya prinsip solidaritas Islam. Adanya Masjid Al-Aqsha yang merupakan kiblat pertama umat Islam di wilayah Yerussalem, Palestina, juga membuat Sabili melakukan pembelaan terhadap perjuangan pembebasan Palestina, sebab Sabili memandang bahwa masalah Palestina merupakan masalah aqidah yang harus diperjuangkan oleh seluruh umat Islam. Analisis terhadap berita-berita dalam Sabili 1989-1993 menghasilkan temuan bahwa pembelaan Sabili terhadap Palestina menunjukan keberpihakan Sabili kepada Hamas dan kebencian Sabili terhadap Israel dan Amerika Serikat.;This research discusses Sabili as Islamic magazine on 1989-1993 in defense the problems of Muslims in Palestine. This research is qualitative descriptive and use assistance of text analysis technique. The purpose of this research is to understand the views of Sabili as illegal Islamic press in the New Order to the problems of Muslims in Palestine. The researcher suggests that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians is due to the principle of Islamic solidarity. The existence of the Al-Aqsha Mosque which is the first Qibla of Muslims in the region of Jerusalem, Palestine, also makes Sabili to defend the liberation struggle of Palestinian Muslims. Analysis on the news in Sabili 1989-1993 resulted in the finding that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians shows alignments Sabili to Hamas and Sabili hatred against Israel and the United States.;This research discusses Sabili as Islamic magazine on 1989-1993 in defense the problems of Muslims in Palestine. This research is qualitative descriptive and use assistance of text analysis technique. The purpose of this research is to understand the views of Sabili as illegal Islamic press in the New Order to the problems of Muslims in Palestine. The researcher suggests that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians is due to the principle of Islamic solidarity. The existence of the Al-Aqsha Mosque which is the first Qibla of Muslims in the region of Jerusalem, Palestine, also makes Sabili to defend the liberation struggle of Palestinian Muslims. Analysis on the news in Sabili 1989-1993 resulted in the finding that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians shows alignments Sabili to Hamas and Sabili hatred against Israel and the United States.;This research discusses Sabili as Islamic magazine on 1989-1993 in defense the problems of Muslims in Palestine. This research is qualitative descriptive and use assistance of text analysis technique. The purpose of this research is to understand the views of Sabili as illegal Islamic press in the New Order to the problems of Muslims in Palestine. The researcher suggests that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians is due to the principle of Islamic solidarity. The existence of the Al-Aqsha Mosque which is the first Qibla of Muslims in the region of Jerusalem, Palestine, also makes Sabili to defend the liberation struggle of Palestinian Muslims. Analysis on the news in Sabili 1989-1993 resulted in the finding that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians shows alignments Sabili to Hamas and Sabili hatred against Israel and the United States.;This research discusses Sabili as Islamic magazine on 1989-1993 in defense the problems of Muslims in Palestine. This research is qualitative descriptive and use assistance of text analysis technique. The purpose of this research is to understand the views of Sabili as illegal Islamic press in the New Order to the problems of Muslims in Palestine. The researcher suggests that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians is due to the principle of Islamic solidarity. The existence of the Al-Aqsha Mosque which is the first Qibla of Muslims in the region of Jerusalem, Palestine, also makes Sabili to defend the liberation struggle of Palestinian Muslims. Analysis on the news in Sabili 1989-1993 resulted in the finding that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians shows alignments Sabili to Hamas and Sabili hatred against Israel and the United States.;This research discusses Sabili as Islamic magazine on 1989-1993 in defense the problems of Muslims in Palestine. This research is qualitative descriptive and use assistance of text analysis technique. The purpose of this research is to understand the views of Sabili as illegal Islamic press in the New Order to the problems of Muslims in Palestine. The researcher suggests that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians is due to the principle of Islamic solidarity. The existence of the Al-Aqsha Mosque which is the first Qibla of Muslims in the region of Jerusalem, Palestine, also makes Sabili to defend the liberation struggle of Palestinian Muslims. Analysis on the news in Sabili 1989-1993 resulted in the finding that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians shows alignments Sabili to Hamas and Sabili hatred against Israel and the United States.;This research discusses Sabili as Islamic magazine on 1989-1993 in defense the problems of Muslims in Palestine. This research is qualitative descriptive and use assistance of text analysis technique. The purpose of this research is to understand the views of Sabili as illegal Islamic press in the New Order to the problems of Muslims in Palestine. The researcher suggests that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians is due to the principle of Islamic solidarity. The existence of the Al-Aqsha Mosque which is the first Qibla of Muslims in the region of Jerusalem, Palestine, also makes Sabili to defend the liberation struggle of Palestinian Muslims. Analysis on the news in Sabili 1989-1993 resulted in the finding that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians shows alignments Sabili to Hamas and Sabili hatred against Israel and the United States.;This research discusses Sabili as Islamic magazine on 1989-1993 in defense the problems of Muslims in Palestine. This research is qualitative descriptive and use assistance of text analysis technique. The purpose of this research is to understand the views of Sabili as illegal Islamic press in the New Order to the problems of Muslims in Palestine. The researcher suggests that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians is due to the principle of Islamic solidarity. The existence of the Al-Aqsha Mosque which is the first Qibla of Muslims in the region of Jerusalem, Palestine, also makes Sabili to defend the liberation struggle of Palestinian Muslims. Analysis on the news in Sabili 1989-1993 resulted in the finding that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians shows alignments Sabili to Hamas and Sabili hatred against Israel and the United States., This research discusses Sabili as Islamic magazine on 1989-1993 in defense the problems of Muslims in Palestine. This research is qualitative descriptive and use assistance of text analysis technique. The purpose of this research is to understand the views of Sabili as illegal Islamic press in the New Order to the problems of Muslims in Palestine. The researcher suggests that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians is due to the principle of Islamic solidarity. The existence of the Al-Aqsha Mosque which is the first Qibla of Muslims in the region of Jerusalem, Palestine, also makes Sabili to defend the liberation struggle of Palestinian Muslims. Analysis on the news in Sabili 1989-1993 resulted in the finding that Sabili?s defense on Palestinians shows alignments Sabili to Hamas and Sabili hatred against Israel and the United States.]"

"[ABSTRAKBerdasarkan Undang-undang No. 11 Tahun 1953, Bank Indonesia secara resmi ditetapkan sebagai bank sentral Republik Indonesia, mengantikan De Javasche Bank (Bank Jawa) yang telah menjadi bank sirkulasi sejak era kolonial. Dalam perkembangannya, tidak mudah bagi Bank Indonesia untuk menjadi bank sentral yang independen, dikarenakan tuntutan situasi ekonomi, sosial, dan politik pada masa itu. Misalnya, Bank Indonesia tetap memertahankan fungsinya sebagai bank umum, di samping menjalankan fungsi sebagai bank sirkulasi. Tidak independennya Bank Indonesia turut menimbulkan konflik kepentingan. Pemerintah kerap meminta bantuan pada Bank Indonesia untuk menalangi defisit anggaran dengan cara politik monetisasi (pencetakan uang) yang bersifat inflatoir. Akhirnya, pada tahun 1968, diterbitkan undang-undang baru yang bermaksud mengembalikan fungsi Bank Indonesia sebagai bank sentral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang memiliki empat tahapan, yakni heuristik, kritik, intepretasi, dan historiografi.

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ABSTRACT

;Accordance with Act No. 11 of 1953, Bank Indonesia was legally assigned as a central bank for Republic of Indonesia, replacing De Javasche Bank (Java Bank) which had been the circulation bank since colonial era. During further period, because of political, economic, and social demands, it was not easy for Bank Indonesia to become independent. For example, Bank Indonesia retained its function as commercial bank, while it operated as circulation bank also. This action eventually lead towards conflict of interest. Government frequently asked Bank Indonesia to bail deficit of budget with monetization policy (issuing money), which had inflationary impact. At last, in 1968, new bill was passed to restore the real function of central bank. This research uses historical method which is consist of four continued actions, specifically: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and then historiography.

, Accordance with Act No. 11 of 1953, Bank Indonesia was legally assigned as a central bank for Republic of Indonesia, replacing De Javasche Bank (Java Bank) which had been the circulation bank since colonial era. During further period, because of political, economic, and social demands, it was not easy for Bank Indonesia to become independent. For example, Bank Indonesia retained its function as commercial bank, while it operated as circulation bank also. This action eventually lead towards conflict of interest. Government frequently asked Bank Indonesia to bail deficit of budget with monetization policy (issuing money), which had inflationary impact. At last, in 1968, new bill was passed to restore the real function of central bank. This research uses historical method which is consist of four continued actions, specifically: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and then historiography.

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"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gagasan Sukarno yang mempengaruhi kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia pada 1955-1962. Fokus pembahasan adalah terhadap bentuk dukungan Indonesia dalam proses perjuangan kemerdekaan Palestina. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik atau pengumpulan data dari dokumen-dokumen kenegaraan sezaman; buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian; dan dokumen-dokumen internasional yang diterbitkan. Dalam hasil penelitian, didapati hubungan Indonesia dengan Palestina telah terjalin sejak Indonesia belum merdeka. Dalam pengakuan kedaulatan kemerdekaan Indonesia, masyarakat Palestina juga ikut berkontribusi dalam mendukung kemerdekaan Indonesia. Dimasa pemerintahan Sukarno, dukungan bagi perjuangan kemerdekaan Palestina dilakukan dalam berbagai bentuk, salah satunya adalah dengan bentuk perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme dan imperialisme. Melalui gagasan anti-kolonialisme dan imperialisme, Sukarno bertujuan untuk mempersatukan semua pihak melalui sebuah jalan tengah.

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This thesis aims to analyze Sukarno's ideas that influenced Indonesia's foreign policy in 1955-1962. The focus of the discussion was on the form of Indonesian support in the process of the struggle for Palestinian independence. This study uses historical methods consisting of heuristics or data collection from contemporary state documents; books related to research topics; and international documents published. In the results of the study, it was found that the relationship between Indonesia and Palestine had been established since Indonesia was not yet independent. In recognition of the sovereignty of Indonesian independence, the Palestinian community also contributed to supporting Indonesia's independence. In the Sukarno era, support for the struggle for Palestinian independence was carried out in various forms, one of which was the form of resistance to colonialism and imperialism. Through the ideas of anti-colonialism and imperialism, Sukarno aims to unite all parties through a middle ground."

"ABSTRACTSkripsi ini membahas mengenai Tren pada dunia fesyen wanita di Indonesia. Tren Mix Up merupakan sebutan untuk tren fesyen pada dekade 1990-an karena banyaknya gaya berpakaian yang muncul. Perubahannya tema fesyen yang begitu cepat karena adanya perkembangan teknologi yang mempercapat arus informasi. Mulai dari tema fesyen yang gelap hingga tema fesyen yang glamor memiliki peminatnya masing-masing pada era tersebut. Salah satu tema fesyen pada tren Mix Up adalah street fashion yang dibawakan oleh perancang busana ke ranah high fashion. Tren Mix Up membuat keeksklusifan fesyen bukan lagi dilihat dari produksi haute couture tapi dilihat dari merek yang digunakan. Selain itu, tren Mix Up juga membuat fesyen dapat dinikmati tidak hanya dari kalangan atas tetapi juga menengah kebawah. Studi-studi penelitian sebelumnya lebih banyak membahas mengenai fesyen secara umum Terdapat studi yang membahas fesyen Indonesia namun lebih kepada membangkitkan rasa nasionalisme. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan mengumpulkan sumber literature, data-data dari surat kabar maupun majalah sezaman, dan narasumber yang pernah meliput dan penikmat fesyen.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses about Mix Up trend on womens fashion in Indonesia. Mix Up trend is the designation for fashion trends in the 1990s because of many styles of clothing that emerged. The change in fashion themes was so fast because of technology developments which gained information flow. Ranging from dark fashion themes to glamorous fashion themes that have their respective interests in that era. One of the fashion themes in the Mix Up trend is street fashion that was brought by fashion designers to the realm of high fashion. The Mix Up trend makes the exclusivity of fashion no longer seen from haute couture production but seen from the brand used. Besides that, the Mix Up trend also makes fashion can be enjoyed not only from the upper class but also from the middle to lower classes. Previous research studies discussed more about fashion in general and there were studies that discussed Indonesian fashion more to arouse a sense of nationalism. This thesis uses historical methods by collecting literature sources, data from contemporary newspapers and magazines, fashion expert and fashion lovers."

"ABSTRAKPerubahan ekonomi dan politik di Indonesia dibarengi arus globalisasi informasiyang semakin cepat mengakibatkan Orde Baru mengatur kembali kebijakanpenyiarannya. Kelahiran stasiun televisi swasta Pertama yaitu RCTI tidak terlepasdari peran kebijakan penyiaran Orde Baru dan kalangan kelas menengah.Berdirinya RCTI, telah mendobrak hegemoni TVRI yang selama 25 tahunmelakukan penyiaran di Indonesia. Deregulasi tentang penyiaran televisi terusbermuculan seiring dengan berkembangnya stasiun televisi swasta tersebut.Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empattahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil dari skripsi inimenampilkan keterkaitan antara kebijakan politik orde baru, kelas menengah danTVRI dalam kemunculan televisi swasta serta dampak yang dimunculkan olehstasiun televisi swasta tersebut

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ABSTRACTEconomic and political changes in Indonesia accompanied by faster globalizationof information resulted in rearrangement of the broadcasting policy in the NewOrder. The birth of first private television station, RCTI, cannot be separated fromthe role of broadcasting policies of the New Order and the middle class. Theestablishment of RCTI breaks the hegemony of TVRI that has been doingbroadcasting in Indonesia for 25 years. Deregulation about the televisionbroadcasting keeps emerging along with the development of the private televisionstation. The research method that used is the historical method consists of fourstages: heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of thispaper show the relationship between the new order political policy, the middleclass and TVRI in the emergence of private television as well as the impact thatwas generated by the private television station."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas pemikiran Emha Ainun Nadjib, salah seorang tokoh yangbanyak dikenal sebagai budayawan, tentang kekuasaan dan demokrasi dalam esaiesainya.Skripsi ini mengambil periodisasi tahun 1983—1998. Tahun 1983adalahawal bagi Emha menerbitkan kumpulan esai-esainya, sedang 1998 adalahmerupakan tahun dimana Presiden Soeharto dilengserkan. Skripsi inimenggunakan metode sejarah dengan melalui tahap heuristik, kritik, interpretasidan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran Emhadipengaruhi oleh kondisi rezim presiden Soeharto yang represif, namun ia tetapmendasarkannya pada kesadaran akal sehat dan hati nurani serta rasakemanusiaan.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this study is Emha Ainun Nadjib’s thought, a person who wellknown as a budayawan,in the issues of power and democracy ini his essays. Theperiod which it concern is between 1983—1998. In 1983 was the time whenEmha published his first essays and 1998 was the time when president Soehartooverthrowned from his position. A Historical Method was using in this research,which it has heuristic, critics, interpretation and historiography. The results of thisstudy shows that Emha’s thought in those issues was influenced by therepressiveness of President Soeharto era, but he still use common sense, consciousof conscience and the value of humanity as a basis of his action."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang strategi yang digunakan oleh Lemkari dalammempertahankan eksistensinya di era Orde Baru (1972—1985). Penelitian yangdilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pada era Orde Baru Lemkari berhasilmempertahankan eksistensinya dengan berafiliasi pada Golkar. Lemkarimerupakan sebuah organisasi yang mengajarkan ajaran Islam Jamaah. PosisiGolkar yang merupakan kekuatan dominan dan paling berpengaruh pada saat itu,memungkinkan untuk memberikan perlindungan pada Lemkari yang hampirdibubarkan, karena mengajarkan ajaran terlarang. Pemberian perlindunganterhadap Lemkari, membuat Golkar juga mendapatkan tambahan dukungan secarapolitis.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this mini thesis is about the strategy that had used by Lemkari formaintain its existence at New Order (1972—1985). Lemkari is an organisationthat reputed had been tought the Islam Jamaah’s doctrine which known as abanned doctrine. This research had proven that Lemkari at New Order wassuccesful maintain its existence by afiliation under Golkar. The Golkar positionwas a dominant power and most influence at that time made very possible forgiven protection to Lemkari, that almost destroyed because had been tought abanned doctrine."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perjalanan dan perubahan yang terjadi di kawasan permukiman Tionghoa (pecinan) Glodok. Perjalanan ini dimulai dari berubahnya fungsi Glodok yang semula hanya sekedar tempat bermukim menjadi tempat untuk berniaga yang berlangsung dalam sebuah pasar. Pada awal tahun 1970, Glodok mulai berkembang menjadi sebuah perbelanjaan modern yang ramai. Perubahan dan perkembangan yang terjadi di kawasan Glodok tersebut tidak lepas dari kebijakan Gubernur terkait dan perkembangan kota Jakarta di masa itu. Hasil penelitian skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa mulai tahun 1980-an, kawasan perdagangan ini semakin berperan sebagai pusat dari segala aktivitas bisnis retail dan grosir barang-barang elektronik terbesar di Jakarta. Skripsi ini diteliti menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang berdasarkan sumber primer (dokumen keputusan gubernur, wawancara, serta koran dan majalah sezaman) dan sumber sekunder (jurnal, buku, dll).

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This study examined the changes and the journey of Chinese residential area (Chinatown), Glodok. This journey was started from the changing function of Glodok which was initially just a place for living into not only a place for living but also for business. Furthermore, this area continues to develop so it becomes a modern shopping area in the 1970s. The changes and developments in the Glodok area cannot be separated from the policy of Governor and the development of the city at that time.

This thesis research proves in the 1980s, the trading area transformed to become one of the important trading area and the center of the largest an electronics retail and wholesale business activities in Jakarta. This Thesis uses the method of historical research and use of primary sources (e.g. documents, interviews, contemporary newspapers and magazines, etc.) and secondary sources (e.g. journals, books, etc.)."