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"[ABSTRAK Anak yang dilahirkan dalam atau sebagai akibat dari suatu perkawinan yang dilakukan secara sah dan dicatatkan menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, hukum dapat memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan atas hak-haknya. Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah ketika anak yang dilahirkan tidak dalam atau sebagai akibat perkawinan yang sah, maka negara tidak dapat memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan terhadapnya. Dengan begitu, persoalan hubungan keperdataan ayah dan anak menjadi bermasalah. Pembuktian hubungan keperdataan antara ayah dan anak luar kawin menjadi sulit. Mahkamah Konstitusi mengeluarkan sebuah putusan yang pada intinya mengatakan bahwa ayah biologis dari anak luar kawin dapat mempunyai hubungan keperdataan dengan anak tersebut, sepanjang dapat dibuktikan dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang ada, oleh karenanya penulis mengangkat pokok permasalahan dalam tesis ini yaitu bagaimana kedudukan anak sah yang kemudian dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan Tes DNA bahwa si suami bukan ayah biologisnya dalam pembuktian hubungan keperdataan antara ayah dengan anak dan bagaimana kedudukan tes DNA dan penerapan hukumnya pada pembuktian hubungan keperdataan antara ayah dan anak tersebut dalam Putusan No.66/Pdt.G/2012/PTA.Sby dan Putusan No. 1484/Pdt.G/2012/PA.Bms. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan keperdataan yang dimaksud dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah ayah biologis dari anak luar kawin tetap memiliki kewajiban hukum untuk memberikan nafkah kepada anak luar kawin. Mengenai kedudukan tes DNA sebagai salah satu alat bukti yang dapat membuktikan hubungan keperdataan antara ayah dan anak luar kawin dapat diterapkan, karena tes DNA mempunyai hasil akurasi yang tepat, namun dalam memerintahkan suatu tes DNA, hakim harus memeperhatikan fakta-fakta hukum yang ada dan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

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ABSTRACTChildren who were born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage and recorded in accordance with the legislation in force, law can provide certainty and protection of their rights. The problem is when a child is not born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage, then the state can not provide certainty and protection against him. That , the issue of civil relationship of father and son became problematic. Proof of civil relationship between father and son outside marriage becomes difficult. The Constitutional Court issued a ruling that essentially says that the biological father of a child outside of marriage can have a civil relationship with the child, as long as can be proved by science and technology exist, therefore the authors raise the issue in this thesis is how the position of the legitimate child then it can be proven by DNA testing that the husband is not the biological father in the proof of civil relationship between the father and son and how the position of DNA testing and application of the ruling on evidentiary civil relationship between the father and the child in Decision No. 66 / Pdt.G /2012 / PTA.Sby and Decision No. 1484 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PA.Bms. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the civil relationship referred to in the Decision of the Constitutional Court is the biological father of a child outside of marriage still has a legal obligation to provide maintenance to a child outside marriage. Regarding the position of DNA testing as one type of evidence that can prove the civil relationship between father and son outside of marriage can be applied, because the accuracy of the results of DNA tests have the right, but in order a DNA test, the judge must consider the facts existing and regulations legislation in force.;Children who were born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage and recorded in accordance with the legislation in force, law can provide certainty and protection of their rights. The problem is when a child is not born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage, then the state can not provide certainty and protection against him. That , the issue of civil relationship of father and son became problematic. Proof of civil relationship between father and son outside marriage becomes difficult. The Constitutional Court issued a ruling that essentially says that the biological father of a child outside of marriage can have a civil relationship with the child, as long as can be proved by science and technology exist, therefore the authors raise the issue in this thesis is how the position of the legitimate child then it can be proven by DNA testing that the husband is not the biological father in the proof of civil relationship between the father and son and how the position of DNA testing and application of the ruling on evidentiary civil relationship between the father and the child in Decision No. 66 / Pdt.G /2012 / PTA.Sby and Decision No. 1484 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PA.Bms. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the civil relationship referred to in the Decision of the Constitutional Court is the biological father of a child outside of marriage still has a legal obligation to provide maintenance to a child outside marriage. Regarding the position of DNA testing as one type of evidence that can prove the civil relationship between father and son outside of marriage can be applied, because the accuracy of the results of DNA tests have the right, but in order a DNA test, the judge must consider the facts existing and regulations legislation in force.;Children who were born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage and recorded in accordance with the legislation in force, law can provide certainty and protection of their rights. The problem is when a child is not born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage, then the state can not provide certainty and protection against him. That , the issue of civil relationship of father and son became problematic. Proof of civil relationship between father and son outside marriage becomes difficult. The Constitutional Court issued a ruling that essentially says that the biological father of a child outside of marriage can have a civil relationship with the child, as long as can be proved by science and technology exist, therefore the authors raise the issue in this thesis is how the position of the legitimate child then it can be proven by DNA testing that the husband is not the biological father in the proof of civil relationship between the father and son and how the position of DNA testing and application of the ruling on evidentiary civil relationship between the father and the child in Decision No. 66 / Pdt.G /2012 / PTA.Sby and Decision No. 1484 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PA.Bms. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the civil relationship referred to in the Decision of the Constitutional Court is the biological father of a child outside of marriage still has a legal obligation to provide maintenance to a child outside marriage. Regarding the position of DNA testing as one type of evidence that can prove the civil relationship between father and son outside of marriage can be applied, because the accuracy of the results of DNA tests have the right, but in order a DNA test, the judge must consider the facts existing and regulations legislation in force., Children who were born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage and recorded in accordance with the legislation in force, law can provide certainty and protection of their rights. The problem is when a child is not born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage, then the state can not provide certainty and protection against him. That , the issue of civil relationship of father and son became problematic. Proof of civil relationship between father and son outside marriage becomes difficult. The Constitutional Court issued a ruling that essentially says that the biological father of a child outside of marriage can have a civil relationship with the child, as long as can be proved by science and technology exist, therefore the authors raise the issue in this thesis is how the position of the legitimate child then it can be proven by DNA testing that the husband is not the biological father in the proof of civil relationship between the father and son and how the position of DNA testing and application of the ruling on evidentiary civil relationship between the father and the child in Decision No. 66 / Pdt.G /2012 / PTA.Sby and Decision No. 1484 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PA.Bms. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the civil relationship referred to in the Decision of the Constitutional Court is the biological father of a child outside of marriage still has a legal obligation to provide maintenance to a child outside marriage. Regarding the position of DNA testing as one type of evidence that can prove the civil relationship between father and son outside of marriage can be applied, because the accuracy of the results of DNA tests have the right, but in order a DNA test, the judge must consider the facts existing and regulations legislation in force.]"

"Paktik perkawinan anak adalah fenomena sosial yang dialami oleh banyak perempuan di berbagai belahan dunia. Temuan Unicef mencatat pada tahun 2014 lebih dari 700 juta perempuan menikah dibawah usia 18 tahun, sementara Indonesia berada di urutan kedua tertinggi di ASEAN. Disertasi ini di tulis untuk mengungkap dan memaparkan proses reproduksi budaya praktik perkawinan anak yang berkelindan dengan beragam aspek dan konteks serta pengalaman dan negosiasi perempuan dalam menjalani perkawinan anak pada orang Kaili di Kabupaten Donggala Sulawesi Tengah. Suatu kajian etnografi feminis yang meggunakan teori habitus dan practice, Pierre Bourdieu untuk mengungkap relasi antara gagasan budaya dan aspek sejarah dengan praktik perkawinan anak. Teori intersectionality dari patricia Hill Collins untuk menganalisis posisi subyek dengan rangkaian persinggungan relasi kuasa yang mempengaruhi pengalaman hidup subyek perkawinan anak serta teori agency danresistance dari Saba Mahmood untuk menguraikan upaya perempuan dalam membangun subyektivitasnya. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juli 2016 - Maret 2019 melaui observasi dan wawancara mendalam serta metode life history dan genealogi. Pertanyaan penelitian yang diajukan adalah 1). Bagaimana praktik perkawinan anak menjadi bagian dari sistem sosial orang Kaili dari masa ke masa? 2). Bagaimana reproduksi kultural praktik perkawinan anak dimaknai oleh subyek dari berbagai latar belakang sosial dalam generasi yang berbeda? 3). Bagaimana perempuan Kaili membangun subjektivitasnya selama menjalani praktik perkawinan anak dan menggunakan subyektifitas tersebut untuk menegosiasikan posisinya? Temuan penelitian menujukan bahwa praktik perkawinan anak merupakan disposisi atas berbagai masalah terutama yang menyangkut kehormatan dan martabat perempuan yang membentuk habitus. Praktik tidak selalu identik dengan usaha untuk meneguhkan dominasi seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Bourdieu. Pada kondisi tertentu praktik sosial terkadang mengekspresikan ketulusan dalam menjalin relasi yang intim antara manusia seperti relasi antara orang tua dan anak. Pada masa lampau perkawinan anak menjadi pilihan paling rasional saat itu, untuk menjaga kehormatan dan harga diri perempuan. Pada generasi masa kini perkawinan anak ditafsir kembali sebagai strategi mengatasi dinamika kontekstual dalam kehidupan sosial, baik pribadi maupun kelompok. Selanjutnya tidak semua perempuan subyek perkawinan anak kemudian menjadi powerless. Berbagai cara dan mekanisme yang dikembangkan oleh para subyek menegaskan bahwa praktik ini bukan fenomena tunggal denganreason yang tunggal pula, akan tetapi didalamnya terdapat para individu dengan beragam kepentingan (self interest) lalu mengembangkan berbagai mekanisme sesuai dengan kondisi diri dan keluarga yang melingkupinya.

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The practice of child marriage is a social phenomenon experienced by many women in various parts of the world. Unicef's findings noted that in 2014 more than 700 million women were married under the age of 18, while Indonesia was the second highest in ASEAN. This dissertation was written to reveal and describe the cultural reproduction process of child marriage practices that are intertwined with various aspects and contexts as well as experiences and negotiations of women in undergoing child marriage to Kaili people in Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi. A feminist ethnographic study that uses habitus and practice theory, Pierre Bourdieu is used to reveal the relationship between cultural ideas and historical aspects and the practice of child marriage. The intersectionality theory from Patricia Hill Collins is used to analyze the subject's position with a series of power relations that affect the life experience of the subject of child marriage and the theory of agency and resistance from Saba Mahmood is used to describe women's efforts in building their subjectivity. The research was conducted in July 2016 - March 2019 through observation and in-depth interviews as well as methods of life history and genealogy. The research questions posed are 1). How has the practice of child marriage been part of the Kaili social system from time to time? 2). How can the cultural reproduction of child marriage practices be interpreted by subjects from various social backgrounds in different generations? 3). How did Kaili women develop their subjectivity during the practice of child marriage and use this subjectivity to negotiate their positions? The research findings show that the practice of child marriage is a disposition to various problems, especially those concerning the honor and dignity of women who form the habitus. The practice is not always in line with efforts to assert domination as argued by Bourdieu. In certain conditions social practice sometimes expresses sincerity in forging intimate relationships between humans such as relationships between parents and children. In the past, child marriage was the most rational choice at that time, to protect women's honor and dignity. In the current generation, child marriage is reinterpreted as a strategy to overcome contextual dynamics in social life, both individually and in groups. Furthermore, not all women who are subject to child marriage become powerless. The various ways and mechanisms developed by the subjects emphasize that this practice is not a single phenomenon with a single reason, but there exist individuals with various interests (self-interest) then develop various mechanisms according to their own conditions and the family conditions that surrounds it."

"ABSTRACTAnak yang dilahirkan dalam perkawinan orang tua yang tidak dicatatkan akan membawa konsekuensi bagi anak tersebut, yaitu menjadi seorang anak luar kawin. Akibat dari kedudukan seorang anak sebagai anak luar kawin adalah tidak adanya hubungan keperdataan antara anak luar kawin dengan ayah biologisnya. Adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 menjadi solusi dari permasalahan kedudukan anak luar kawin. Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 ditentukan bahwa anak luar kawin dapat mempunyai hubungan keperdataan dengan ayahnya apabila dapat dibuktikan mempunyai hubungan darah berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau alat bukti lain menurut hukum. Dalam penelitian ini akan dikaji mengenai kedudukan yang dilahirkan dalam perkawinan orang tua yang tidak dicatatkan pasca dikeluarkannya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 dengan melihat penerapan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 dalam Penetapan Nomor 126/PDT.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM dan juga Penetapan Nomor 229/PDT.P/2015/PN.KDL. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif yang bertujuan mengidentifikasi norma hukum tertulis dan hasil penelitian disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 anak yang dilahirkan dalam perkawinan orang tua yang tidak dicatatkan juga dapat mempunyai hubungan keperdataan dengan ayah biologisnya dan tidak hanya memiliki hubungan keperdataan dengan ibu dan keluarga ibunya saja. Selain itu, berdasarkan dua penetapan yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini, dapat dilihat adanya perbedaan fokus dalam pertimbangan hakim dalam menentukan kedudukan anak yang dilahirkan dalam perkawinan orang tua yang tidak dicatatkan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya suatu peraturan pelaksanaan dari Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 untuk menghindari ketidakpastian dan permasalahan dalam penerapannya.

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ABSTRACTChildren born in marriages of parents who are not registered will have consequences for the child, namely being a child out of wedlock. The result of the position of a child as a child out of wedlock is the absence of civil relations between children outside of marriage with their biological father. The decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010 is the solution to the problem of the position of the child outside of marriage. In the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 it is determined that out-of-wedlock children can have civil relations with their father if it can be proven to have blood relations based on science and technology and/or other evidence according to the law. In this study, we will examine the position of being born in a parent's marriage which is not listed after the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010 by observing the application of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010 in the Determination of  Number 126/PDT.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM and also Determination Number 229/PDT.P/2015/PN.KDL. The research method used in this study is normative juridical research that aims to identify written legal norms and the results of the study are presented descriptively. The results of this study concluded that after the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010 children born in marriages of unregistered parents can also have civil relations with their biological fathers and not only have civil relations with their mothers and families. In addition, based on the two determinations analyzed in this study, it can be seen that there is a difference in focus in judges judgment in determining the position of children born in the marriage of parents who are not registered. Therefore, it is necessary to have an implementing regulation from the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010 to avoid uncertainty and problems in its implementation."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang determinan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian perkawinan anak pada wanita muda berusia 15 – 24 tahun dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian perkawinan anak di Indonesia dan hubungan antara faktor-faktor tersebut (individu, rumah tangga, dan lingkungan sosial) dengan kejadian perkawinan anak pada wanita muda berusia 15 – 24 tahun di Indonesia. Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional (potong lintang) dengan analisis multivariabel regresi logistik menggunakan sumber data dari data sekunder SDKI 2017. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh wanita usia subur berusia 15 – 24 tahun di Indonesia yang menjadi responden SDKI 2017, sedangkan sampel penelitiannya adalah seluruh wanita usia subur yang berusia 15 – 24 tahun yang sudah menikah di Indonesia dan tercakup dalam SDKI 2017 yang berjumlah 3.939 responden. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan hasil prevalensi perkawinan anak pada wanita muda berusia 15 – 24 tahun di Indonesia sebesar 54,9%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara usia (AOR= 29,72; 95% CI= 18,32 – 48,21), lokasi tempat tinggal (AOR= 1,46; 95% CI= 1,19 – 1,79), tingkat pendidikan (AOR= 3,23; 95% CI= 2,47 – 4,23), status ekonomi (AOR= 2,10; 95% CI= 1,73 – 2,56), keterpaparan informasi (AOR= 0,67; 95% CI= 0,50 – 0,89), jumlah anggota keluarga (AOR= 0,70; 95% CI= 0,58 – 0,85), dan peran perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan menikah (AOR= 1,50; 95% CI= 1,22 – 1,84) terhadap kejadian perkawinan anak. Dapat disimpulkan, bahwa prevalensi perkawian anak masih tinggi dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dengan meningkatkan akses pendidikan (penyuluhan dan edukasi), sosialisasi dampak perkawinan anak, dan melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat dapat menjadi solusi untuk menurunkan prevalensi perkawinan anak pada wanita muda di Indonesia.

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This study discusses the determinants associated with the incidence of child marriage in young women aged 15 – 24 years to know the description of the incidence of child marriage in Indonesia and the relationship between these factors (individuals, households, and the social environment) with the incidence of child marriage. in young women aged 15-24 years in Indonesia. The study design used in this study was cross-sectional (cross-sectional) with multivariable logistic regression analysis using data sources from secondary data from the 2017 IDHS. The study population was all women of childbearing age aged 15-24 years in Indonesia who were respondents to the 2017 IDHS. while the research sample was all women of childbearing age aged 15-24 who were married in Indonesia and included in the 2017 IDHS, totaling 3,939 respondents. In this study, it was found that the prevalence of child marriage among young women aged 15-24 years in Indonesia was 54.9% (95% CI: 52.7 - 57.1). Statistical test results showed a statistically significant relationship between age (AOR= 29.72; 95% CI= 18.32 – 48.21), location of residence (AOR= 1.46; 95% CI= 1.19 – 1.79), educational level (AOR= 3.23; 95% CI= 2.47 – 4.23), economic status (AOR= 2.10; 95% CI= 1.73 – 2.56), exposure information (AOR= 0.67; 95% CI= 0.50 – 0.89), number of family members (AOR= 0.70; 95% CI= 0.58 – 0.85), and the role of women in decision making married (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.22 – 1.84) on the incidence of child marriage. It can be concluded that the prevalence of child marriage is still high and is influenced by these factors. Therefore, increasing access to education (counseling and education), socializing the impact of child marriage and applicable regulations regarding the minimum age for marriage, as well as conducting community empowerment can be solutions to reduce the prevalence of child marriage among young women in Indonesia."

"dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia di suatu negara. Prevalensi perkawinan anak di Kabupaten Cianjur sebesar 22% tertinggi pertama di Jawa Barat, hal ini secara langsung menyumbang terhadap tingginya angka perkawinan anak Jawa Barat di Nasional yaitu sebesar 13,26%, angka ini masuk kedalam 20 besar Provinsi Perkawinan Anak tinggi di Indonesia. Kecamatan Cugenang merupakan salah satu Kecamatan yang berada di Kabupaten Cianjur yang masuk dalam 10 besar perkawinan anak tinggi di Kabupaten Cianjur. Perkawinan anak bukan masalah baru, namun penyelesaiannya tidak mudah dilakukan, sehubungan dengan faktor yang mendorong terjadinya perkawinan anak tiap daerah berbeda. Akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi merupakan salah satu faktor yang diduga menjadi pendorong terjadinya perkawinan anak, namun faktor pendorong perkawinan anak sangat kompleks maka perkawinan anak juga diduga dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan, ekonomi keluarga, tradisi/budaya dan pandangan keagamaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat proporsi perkawinan anak, akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi dan hubungan akses informasi Kesehatan reproduksi dengan perkawinan anak. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan data primer yang diambil dari 11 Desa di Kecamatan Cugenang sebanyak 245 responden dengan kriteria telah melakukan perkawinan rentang waktu 5 tahun Januari 2015- Januari 2020. Penentuan perkawinan anak berdasarkan undang-undang perlindungan anak yaitu yang melakukan perkawinan dibawah usia 18 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini proporsi responden perkawinan anak di Kecamatan Cugenang sebesar 29,39%, proporsi responden yang memiliki akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi kurang 55,10%, dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna signifikan antara akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi dengan perkawinan anak dengan model akhir analisis multivariat logistic regression responden yang memiliki akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi kurang memiliki risiko 2,208 (95% CI 1,172-3,861) kali untuk melakukan perkawinan anak dibandingkan responden yang memiliki akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi baik setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pendidikan, ekonomi keluarga, tradisi/budaya dan pandangan keagamaan. Akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi berhak didapatkan oleh setiap orang termasuk anak dan kaum muda karena merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap perkawinan anak jika kurangnya akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi yang dapat berpengaruh pada kurang pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Hal ini menunjukkan perlu adanya kerjasama lintas sektor dalam mendekatkan akses informasi kesehatan reproduksi kepada masyarakat terutama kepada anak dan kaum muda agar dapat mengkases informasi kesehatan yang baik dan benar.

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Child marriage in Indonesia is a key issue that can be related to the quality of human resources in a country. The prevalence of child marriage in Cianjur Regency is 22%, the first in West Java, this directly contributes to the high rate of child marriage in West Java at the national level, namely 13.26%, this figure is included in the top 20 of the highest child marriage provinces in Indonesia. Cugenang Sub district is one of the districts in Cianjur Regency which is included in the top 10 high child marriages in Cianjur Regency. Child marriage is not a new problem, but the solution is not easy to do, due to the different factors that encourage child marriage in each region. Access to information on reproductive health is one of the factors thought to be driving child marriage, but the driving factor for child marriage is very complex, child marriage is also thought to be influenced by education, family economy, traditions/culture and religious views. The purpose of this study was to see the proportion of child marriage, access to reproductive health information and the relationship between access to reproductive health information and child marriage. This research method used a cross sectional study design with primary data taken from 11 villages in Cugenang Sub district as many as 245 respondents with the criteria of having married in a span of 5 years January 2015-January 2020. Determination of child marriage based on child protection law, namely those who married under 18 years of age. Based on the results of this study the proportion of respondents to child marriage in Cugenang Sub District was 29.39%, the proportion of respondents who had access to reproductive health information was less than 55.10%, and there was a significant relationship between access to reproductive health information and child marriage with the final model of multivariate analysis. logistic regression of respondents who had access to reproductive health information had less risk of 2.208 (95% CI 1.172-3.861) times for having child marriage compared to respondents who had access to reproductive health information both after being controlled by variables of education, family economy, tradition / culture and religious views. Everyone, including children and young people, has the right to access reproductive health information because it is one of the factors that contribute to child marriage if the lack of access to reproductive health information can lead to a lack of knowledge about reproductive health. This shows the need for cross-sectoral cooperation in bringing access to reproductive health information for the public, especially for children and young people, so that they can access good and correct health information."

"ABSTRAKFokus tesis ini pada kekuasaan terhadap tubuh anak perempuan akibat konstruksi patriarki yang mendominasi kehidupan masyarakat dalam adat dan budaya suku Arfak. Pertanyaan penelitian adalah "bagaimana budaya perjodohan perkawinan anak perempuan di perdesaan dan implikasinya terhadap kesehatan reproduksi perempuan". Pertanyaan turunan adalah 1) bagaimana anak perempuan diposisikan dalam adat dan budaya suku Arfak di Perdesaan; 2) bagaimana anak perempuan diposisikan dalam prosesi perkawinan di suku Arfak di perdesaan; 3) bagaimana pengalaman anak perempuan korban perjodohan perkawinan anak suku Arfak di wilayah perdesaan menjalankan fungsi reproduksinya; dan 4) bagaimana anak perempuan suku Arfak korban perjodohan perkawinan anak bertahan di dalam perkawinan adat mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus di Distrik Nenei, Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori feminis radikal oleh Jaggar tentang otoritas tubuh perempuan dan politik sekusal oleh Millet sebagai pisau analisis untuk membedah masalah perkawinan anak karena perjodohan membuat anak perempuan tidak mempunyai otoritas atas tubuhnya. Temuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) anak perempuan yang dikawinkan pada usia anak tidak memiliki kuasa atas tubunya; 2) perjodohan yang terjadi pada masyarakat suku Arfak diakibatkan karena keinginan mendapatkan harta dan status sosial; 3) perempuan korban perkawinan anak tidak memahami kesehatan reproduksi; 4) perempuan Arfak menjalani fungsi reproduksi masih mengikuti tradisi; 5) perkawinan anak menghadirkan ketidakadilan gender bagi perempuan Arfak. Berdasarkan temuan lapangan dapat disimpulkan bahwa konstruksi sosial mayarakat melalui budaya patriaki masih kuat di masyarakat suku Arfak. Anak perempuan suku Arfak tidak berkuasa atas dirinya karena budaya perjodohan. Anak perempuan suku Arfak sebagai objek pada budaya perjodohan dan perjodohan menjadi faktor pendukung banyaknya praktik perkawinan anak di Distrik Nenei.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this thesis is on the power over girl's body due to patriarchal construction dominates the life of the community in the customs and culture of the Arfak tribe. The research question is "How the marriage culture of girls in rural areas and their implications on women reproductive health". The questions derived are 1) How girls are positioned in the customs and culture of the Arfak tribe in the rural areas; 2) How girls are positioned in the marriage procession in the Arfak tribe in rural areas; 3) How the experience of the young girl of the Arfak tribe marriage victim in a rural area performs its reproductive function; and 4) How the Arfak girl of child marriage matchmaking victim survives in their customary marriages. This study uses a qualitative approach with case study in Nenei District, South Manokwari District. This research uses radical feminist theory by Jaggar on women's body and political authority as well as Millet as a tool to analyze the child marriage problem due to matchmaking, while matchmaking makes girls have no authority over their bodies. The findings of this study are: 1) girls who are married at underage have no power over their bodies; 2) matchmaking that occurred in the community of Arfak tribe caused by the desire to get property and social status; 3) women victims of child marriage do not understand about reproductive health; 4) Arfak women undergoing reproductive functions still follow the tradition; 5) child marriage presents gender inequality for Arfak women. Based on the findings it can be concluded that social construction through patriarchy culture is still robust in the people of Arfak tribe. The girls of the Arfak tribe do not have power over theirselves because of the matchmaking culture and they serve as objects. Matchmaking itself has contributed to the number of child marriage practices at Nenei District."

"Pulau Kalimantan merupakan pulau dengan provinsi yang memilili kejadian perkawinan anak tertinggi di Indonesia dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Banyak dampak kesehatan yang timbul akibat perkawinan anak, pemerintah Indonesia dalam RPJMN dan Dunia dalam SDG’s menargetkan penghapusan praktik perkawinan anak turun menjadi 8,74% (2024) dan 6,94% (2030). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tren dan determinan perkawinan anak pada wanita menikah usia 15-29 tahun di Pulau Kalimantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh wanita menikah berusia 15-29 tahun yang terpilih menjadi responden dalam SDKI 2007, 2012 dan 2017 di Pulau Kalimantan dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tren kejadian perkawinan anak dari tahun 2007-2017 stagnan (Prevalensi₂₀₀₇: 54,4%; Prevalensi₂₀₁₂:52,3%; Prevalensi₂₀₁₇:52,4%). Pendidikan, pendidikan pasangan, perbedaan umur, wilayah tempat tinggal, dan indeks kekayaan merupakan determinan perkawinan anak tahun 2007 dan 2007-2017. Pendidikan, perbedaan umur, wilayah tempat tinggal, dan indeks kekayaan merupakan determinan perkawinan anak tahun 2012. Pendidikan, pendidikan pasangan, pekerjaan pasangan, dan perbedaan umur merupakan determinan perkawinan anak tahun 2017. Selanjutnya, determinan utama yang mempengaruhi perkawinan anak di Pulau Kalimantan secara berturut-turut yakni status pendidikan (OR 2,9;95%CI:1,17-5), perbedaan umur (OR 2,9; 95%CI: 2,2-3,7), pekerjaan pasangan (OR 13,9; 95%CI: 1,4-137,5), dan perbedaan umur (OR 2,6; 95%CI: 2,2-3).

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Kalimantan Island is an island with the highest number of child marriages in Indonesia in the last 10 years. Due to many health impacts resulting from child marriage, Indonesian government in the RPJMN and SDG’s targeting the elimination of the practice of child marriage to fall to 8.74% (2024) and 6.94% (2030). This research aims to determine trends and determinants of child marriage among married women aged 15-29 years on the island of Kalimantan. This study used a cross-sectional design. The research sample was all married women aged 15-29 years who were selected as respondents in the 2007, 2012 and 2017 IDHS on Kalimantan Island and analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. The research results show that the trend in the incidence of child marriage from 2007-2017 was stagnant (Prevalence₂₀₀₇: 54,4%; Prevalence₂₀₁₂:52,3%; Prevalence₂₀₁₇:52,4%). Education, partner's education, age difference, area of residence, and wealth index are determinants of child marriage for 2007 and 2007-2017. Education, age difference, area of residence, and wealth index are determinants of child marriage for 2012. Education, partner’s education, partner's occupation, and age difference are determinants of child marriage for 2017. Furthermore, the main determinants that influence child marriage on Kalimantan Island respectively namely education (OR 2.9; 95%CI: 1.17-5), age difference (OR 2.9; 95%CI: 2.2-3.7), partner's occupation (OR 13.9; 95%CI: 1.4-137.5), and age differences (OR 2.6; 95%CI: 2.2-3)."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai proses adopsi kebijakan dari Kecamatan Gedangsari yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Adopsi kebijakan dilakukan sebagai langkah pencegahan perkawinan pada usia anak di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Sebelum disahkannya revisi UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan pada tahun 2019, belum ada solusi yang ditawarkan pemerintah untuk menangani angka perkawinan pada usia anak. Perkawinan anak terjadi di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, tidak terkecuali di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Di tahun 2015, Pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul mengesahkan sebuah Peraturan Bupati yang mengatur tentang pencegahan perkawinan pada usia anak. Melalui Peraturan Bupati tersebut, angka perkawinan anak di Kabupaten Gunungkidul dapat ditekan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah policy diffusion, mencakup pembahasan tentang mekanisme, aktor, faktor, dan institusionalisasi jender. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penerbitan Peraturan Bupati Pencegahan Perkawinan pada Usia Anak melalui difusi kebijakan, Pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul telah menerapkan gender-aware policy

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This thesis discusses the policy adoption process from Gedangsari Subdistrict conducted by the Government of Gunungkidul Regency. Adoption of the policy was carried out as a step in completing marriages among children in Gunungkidul Regency. Before the ratification of the revision of UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 concerning Marriage in 2019, there was no solution offered by the government to reduce child marriage rates. Child marriages occur in various regions in Indonesia, including in Gunungkidul Regency. In 2015, the Government of Gunungkidul Regency passed the Regents Regulations governing disputes at the age of children. Through the Regent's Regulation, the child marriage rate in Gunungkidul Regency can be reduced. This study uses qualitative research methods, through in-depth interviews. Theory used in this research is policy diffusion, discussing about mechanisms, actors, factors, and gender institutionalization. The result of the study shows that by the Regents Regulations on the Prevention of Marriage for Early Childhood through diffusion policy, the Government of Gunungkidul Regency has implemented a gender aware policy."