Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 6 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
cover
Yu, Yan, compiler
Beijing China: Intercontinental Press, 2008
SIN 639.9051 YUY k (1);SIN 639.9051 YUY k (2)
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Yu, Yan, compiler
Beijing China: Intercontinental Press, 2008
SIN 639.9051 YUY b (1);SIN 639.9051 YUY b (2)
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Elvi Misjihadiah
"Homegarden Ecology : The Structure, Pattern of Homegarden and Correlation Between Economic - Social Factors of People Community Around Lembah Harau Nature Reserve West Sumatra and Plant Diversity. A research has been done on the structure and pattern of homegarden and correlation between economic - social factors of people community and plant diversity. The research was conducted in two villages around the Lembah Harau Nature Reserve (LHNR), Harau subdistrict, the regencies of Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra. The villages are Desa Harau, located in the north side of LHNR, and Desa Tarantang Lubuk Limpato, located in south side and the west side of LHNR. The data were collected from October 2000 up to January 2001.
The research was non experimental with a Stratified Random Sampling Method. Data of plant density, frequency, and dominance were used to calculate Important value index, Shannon diversity index (H), Jaccard similarity index (ISJ), and Shannon equitability index (E). The community economic - social factors data, as independent variables, and the plant diversity, as a dependent variable, were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis to produce the regression equality model.
This research found 270 species of plants from 76 family. The plants were grouped into 11 categories. There were 33 species of fruit plants, 23 species of industrial plants, 29 species of vegetable plants, 60 species of traditionally medicinal plants, 3 species of food plants, 21 species of flavor plants, 62 species of ornamental plants, 5 species of plants for spiritual events, 8 species of traditional cosmetic plants, 55 species of weeds, and the remaining 47 species grouped into miscellaneous plants. The patterns of homegarden usage were different in two villages. In Desa Tarantang Lubuk Limpato the tree level was dominated by industrial plants and the belta level was dominated by fruit plants.
On the other hand, in Desa Harau the tree level was dominated by fruit plants and the belta level was dominated by industrial plants. Artocarpus dadah, Artocarpus elasticus, Ficus ampelas, Ficus annulata, Ficus auranticea, Ficus benjamina, Ficus glandulifera, Ficus parietalis, Ficus caulocarpa, and Ficus aurata from Moraceae family were grown and spread surround the homegarden and their bennefit are still unknown by the local society. The pattern of plant stratification showed the stratification pattern was similar to a forest. Based on the formation of canopy coat, there were five strata, i.e. stratum A (>20m), stratum B (15-20m), stratum C (10-15m), stratum D (5-10m), dan stratum E (0-5m).
The diversity of plant species at homegarden for tree level were strongly correlated with size of homegarden and income of respondent (R2=0,601)_ At belta level, besides of size of homegarden and income of respondent, long period of resident also had a strong correlation (R2=0,721) with the diversity of plant. At seedling level and ground cover there were weak correlations of the plant diversity with size of house (R2=0,073).
Plant species which dominated homegarden was probably caused by the change of homegarden function. Increase of economic condition of people may cause decreasing in plant diversity at homegarden, especially indiginous plant species."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2001
T4569
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Silvianita Timotius
"Pulau Rambut adalah salah satu pulau dalam gugusan Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta Utara. Sejak tahun 1937 telah berfungsi sebagai area konservasi yaitu cagar alam. Terhitung Mei 1999 statusnya diubah menjadi suaka marga pulau Rambut melalui Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan dan Perkebunan No. 275/Kpts-II/1999.
Baik sebagai cagar alam maupun suaka margasatwa, fungsi perlindungan dijalankan dengan pertimbangan utama adalah melindungi burung-burung yang tinggal di pulau tersebut. Pulau ini mendukung lebih dari 50 jenis burung, baik burung merandai maupun burung-burung lain. Beberapa jenis burung di antaranya masuk dalam kategori satwa yang dilindungi serta ada pula yang masuk dalam satwa yang terancam punah.
Salah satu pertimbangan penurunan status adalah pengembangan P. Rambut untuk wisata. Untuk mengelola pulau dari status cagar alam (sangat ketat) ke suaka margasatwa (menjadi lebih terbuka) berarti dibutuhkan pengelolaan yang tepat. Dengan fungsi yang besar namun berbagai kendala yang dihadapi dibutuhkan keterlibatan banyak pihak serta pengelolaan yang mempertimbangkan berbagai kendala tersebut. Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan, dalam hal ini Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (BKSDA) DKI Jakarta sebagai pihak yang berkewajiban membuat rencana pengelolaan, belum menetapkan rencana pengelolaan tersebut.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pihak (pelaku) yang terkait dengan P. Rambut, menganalisis skenario masa depan pulau yang diinginkan para pelaku, mengidentifikasi permasalahan dalam pencapaian masa depan, serta menetapkan prioritas kebijakan yang harus dibuat dan dijalankan untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Pada akhirnya mengajukan secara garis besar usulan pengelolaan P. Rambut.
Penelitian ini menggunakan proses hirarki analisis sejak tahap awal berupa identifikasi pelaku hingga tahap penentuan prioritas kebijakan. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner. Kuesioner terbagi dalam dua tahapan (proses depan dan proses balik) yang disebar kepada lima kelompok responden yaitu pemerintah, lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM), perguruan tinggi, masyarakat, dan swasta.
Skenario atau masa depan P. Rambut diajukan dalam tiga alternatif, yaitu:
1. Perlindungan burung merandai serta menjalankan wisata dengan pengelolaan pengunjung. Wisata dijalankan dengan melibatkan masyarakat di sekitar pulau sehingga diharapkan masyarakat juga ikut terlibat dalam pengelolaan P. Rambut. Masyarakat yang dimaksud adalah yang ada di P. Untung Jawa, Jakarta serta di Tanjung Pasir, Tangerang.
2. Perlindungan burung merandai serta menjalankan wisata tanpa pengelolaan pengunjung. Wisata dijalankan tanpa pengelolaan dengan pertimbangan meningkatkan pendapatan pemerintah secara maksimal. Selain itu, pengunjung yang datang ke pulau selama ini relatif tidak banyak sehingga dianggap tidak mengganggu kehidupan burung.
3. Perlindungan burung merandai tanpa menjalankan wisata. Dengan status suaka margasatwa maka campur tangan dalam pembinaan habitat diperkenankan. Dengan tujuan hanya melindungi burung, serta menghindari kemungkinan terjadinya kerusakan maka wisata sama sekali ditiadakan.
Analisis menghasilkan prioritas pertama pada skenario 1 yaitu perlindungan burung serta menjalankan wisata. Dalam skala 0-1, skenario ini mempunyai skor 0,621, hampir tiga kali lebih besar dari skenario 3 yang menempati prioritas kedua dengan skor 0,261. Skenario perlindungan tanpa pengelolaan pengunjung hanya memiliki skor 0,118. Skenario 1 menempati prioritas pertama kali di masa yang akan datang akan lebih baik bila masyarakat terlibat langsung. Keterlibatan masyarakat dapat terjadi bila masyarakat mendapatkan nilai lebih dari konservasi itu. Salah satu upaya untuk memberi nilai lebih itu adalah dengan wisata.
Dalam pengelolaan P. Rambut, pihak dengan kepentingan paling besar adalah pemerintah (0,278), diikuti oleh masyarakat P. Untung Jawa dan Tanjung Pasir (0,229). Sesuai dengan alasan yang dikemukakan dalam penentuan skenario, para pelaku menilai di masa depan masyarakat di sekitar Pulau Rambut yang sebaiknya memiliki peran paling besar dalam pengelolaan selain pemerintah. Pelaku berikutnya berturut-turut adalah perguruan tinggi, LSM, pengunjung, dan terakhir swasta.
Kendala yang harus diselesaikan dalam mencapai skenario pilihan meliputi kendala dari luar pulau, kendala dari dalam pulau, dan kendala pengelolaan. Kendala dari luar berupa (1) pencemaran, (2) berkurangnya area pakan, serta (3) gangguan dari pengunjung. Kendala dari dalam pulau adalah kerusakan hutan serta predator-kompetitor. Kendala pengelolaan terdiri dari (1) minimnya sarana, (2) kesadaran/kepedulian masyarakat yang rendah tentang pentingnya P. Rambut, serta (3) pengelola.
Para pelaku menilai permasalahan utama adalah kerusakan hutan (0,192). Pulau Rambut, tepatnya hutan mangrove dan hutan campuran, adalah habitat serta tempat berbiak burung-burung merandai. Kerusakan hutan (yang kini makin meluas) berarti kehilangan tempat tinggal terutama breeding site maka dikhawatirkan mengancam burung-burung di pulau tersebut. Permasalahan berikutnya adalah pencemaran (0,181), penurunan luas area pakan (0,175), rendahnya kepedulian masyarakat (0,143), pengelola (0,110), gangguan oleh pengunjung (0,094), minimnya sarana (0,063), dan terakhir predator kompetitor (0,043).
Dalam mengatasi berbagai kendala tersebut di atas, terdapat delapan kebijakan yang perlu dibuat dan diterapkan. Analisis menghasilkan dua kebijakan sebagai prioritas pertama dalam melakukan pengelolaan pulau adalah peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat (0,180) dan rehabilitasi hutan (0,176). Keduanya berkaitan dengan upaya mencegah pencemaran serta upaya rehabilitasi hutan. Kebijakan berikutnya adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat (0,149), penyediaan area pakan (0,117), pembentukan forum kerja sama (0,111), monitoring (0,097), peraturan pengunjung (0,085), dan pembuatan sarana (0,085).
Sesuai dengan skenario masa depan P. Rambut yang diharapkan, maka diajukan pengelolaan berupa melindungi burung merandai dengan wisata pengamatan burung. Untuk menjalankan perlindungan bagi burung serta menjalankan wisata maka diperlukan rencana pengelolaan (RP) yang mencakup aspek-aspek teknis. Rencana pengelolaan sebaiknya dibuat secara bersama oleh pihak-pihak terkait. Berarti pemerintah selaku institusi yang bertugas menyusun RP, harus melibatkan pihak-pihak tersebut sejak tahap awal hingga RP selesai. Pelibatan pihak terkait juga harus dilakukan ada dalam keseluruhan rangkaian pengelolaan.
Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah:
1. Terdapat lima kelompok pelaku yang terkait dengan P. Rambut yaitu (1) pemerintah, (2) masyarakat [Tanjung Pasir, Tangerang dan P. Untung Jawa, Jakarta], (3) perguruan tinggi, (4) LSM, dan (5) swasta, secara berurutan menurut prioritas.
2. Para pelaku kebijakan mengharapkan di masa akan datang Pulau Rambut dapat dikelola dengan mempertahankan populasi burung merandai agar relatif stabil dengan kondisi saat ini serta menjalankan wisata dengan menerapkan peraturan kunjungan dan pengunjung.
3. Terdapat delapan kendala yang harus diatasi untuk mencapai masa depan P. Rambut yang diharapkan. Kedelapan kendala tersebut secara berurutan dari prioritas tinggi ke rendah adalah menurunnya luasan hutan habitat burung merandai, pencemaran dari teluk Jakarta, menurunnya area pakan burung merandai, rendahnya kepedulian masyarakat, pihak yang sebaiknya menjadi pengelola, gangguan pengunjung, minimnya sarana, serta predator kompetitor.
4. Kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah meliputi 8 kebijakan. Skala prioritas adalah (1) peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, (2) rehabilitasi hutan, (3) pemberdayaan masyarakat, (4) mempertahankan/menyediakan area pakan burung, (5) pembentukan forum kerjasama antar pihak terkait, (6) monitoring flora dan fauna, (7) Pengaturan kunjungan dan pengunjung, dan (8) penyediaan sarana.
5. Dalam upaya mempertahankan fungsi dan keberadaan Suaka Margasatwa P. Rambut, serta diperkenankannya wisata alam terbatas, maka pengelolaan yang sesuai adalah menjalankan kebijakan berdasar prioritas pilihan pelaku kebijakan serta wisata pengamatan burung.
Dari penelitian ini, saran yang diajukan adalah:
1. Pemerintah perlu melibatkan pihak-pihak terkait sejak tahap perencanaan, implementasi pengelolaan, dan evaluasi pengelolaan.
2. Membuat Rencana Pengelolaan P. Rambut, kemudian ditetapkan dalam bentuk peraturan perundang-undangan agar memiliki kekuatan hukum.
3. Untuk menjalankan pengelolaan secara umum serta secara khusus pengembangan wisata pengamatan burung diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan hal-hal teknis penerapan wisata.
4. Karena lingkup penelitian yang luas, maka studi dengan penerapan proses hirarki analisis perlu dibuat lebih lanjut hingga ke hal-hal teknis.

Rambut Island is one of Thousand islands, North Jakarta. It had been a Strict Nature Reserve since 1937. In May 1999 it has been changed to a Wildlife Sanctury based on Forestry and Aesthetic Crop Ministry Decree No 275/Kpts-II/1999.
Both as nature reserve or wildlife sanctuary, the main role of this island is to protect birds that live in. The island supports more than 50 species of birds, encompasses water bird and others. Some of them are categorized as protected animals based on Indonesian law and others as endangered species.
One consideration for the changing status was the idea to develop Rambut Island for tourism as well as conservation. it needs good management to manage the island from nature reserve (which is very strict in rule) to wildlife sanctuary that is more open. Rambut Island plays a big function; as a nesting site and a breeding site for birds, but also faces numerous problems. In order to manage the island along with those problems, many stakeholders are needed to take a part. Furthermore those problems become the main focus of the management plan. BKSDA Jakarta is the government's institution in charge and has a role to make the management plan. There is no management plan established so far.
The aims of this research are as follows
1. Identifying stakeholders/actors who are related to Rambut Island,
2. Analyzing future scenarios that are chosen by actors,
3. Identifying the problems in order to achieve the scenario,
4. Determining the policy priorities needed then carrying them out to solve problems
5. Proposing the outline of Rambut island wildlife sanctuary management plan.
This research uses analytical hierarchy process from first step (identification of the actors) until determination the policy priorities. Data were collected using questionnaire. The questionnaires were divided into two steps (forward scenario and backward scenario) and distributed into five groups of respondents. They were government, non government organization (NGO), university, community and private sector.
The following are the forward scenarios of Rambut Island:
1. Protecting water bird, carrying out the tourism and applying regulations for visiting. The tourism is carried out by involving community near the island, so that it becomes a part of the management for protecting the birds. The community encompasses people live in Untung Jawa Island, Jakarta and Tanjung Pasir, Tangerang.
2. Protecting water bird, carrying out the tourism without applying regulations for visiting. The scenario is offered in order to maximize the local income from tourism. The other reason is the number of visitors still low and has not disturbed bird activities.
3. Protecting water bird with no tourism activity. The opportunity for habitat management in wildlife sanctuary gives a better circumstance to full protection for birds and its habitat. Without tourism activity, any disturbance or damage could also be minimized.
Result of analysis shows the first priority is on scenario 1 i.e. protecting water bird and running the tourism activity. In scale of one, the score is 0,621. The second priority is scenario 3 with 0,261 and the last with score 0,118 is scenario 2. The first scenario has the highest score because the conservation also has to consider giving value for community, and one way to do that is the tourism activity.
The actor who has the biggest part for management of Rambut Island is the government (score 0,278), followed by Untung Jawa and Tanjung Pasir communities (0,229). In the future, the communities as well as the government should act as the main actors in management of Rambut Island. The subsequent actors are university, NGO, tourist and private sector, in respectively.
The problems which have to be solved cover the ones come from out of the island, inside the island, and management problem. The problems from out of the island are (1) pollution from Jakarta Bay, (2) decreasing size of feeding ground and (3) disturbance from visitors. The inside problems are (1) forest degradation and (2) predator-competitor. The management problems are (1) poor facilities, (2) lack of community awareness on important values of Rambut Island and (3) institutional problem.
The actors define that the main problem is forest degradation (0,192). It is due to the fact that the forest supports birds with nesting site and breeding site. The degradation threatens the life of birds which use the forest. The next problems priorities are pollution from Jakarta (0,181), followed by decreasing size of feeding ground (0,175), lack of community awareness (0,143), institutional problem (0,110), disturbance from visitors (0,094), poor facilities (0,063), and the last is predator-competitor (0,043).
The implementation of eight policies is needed as part of management of Rambut Island. The following are the priority given respectively, increasing public awareness (0,180), rehabilitating the forest (0,176), developing capacity of community (0,149), preserving or adding the feeding ground (0,117), making cooperation forum between stakeholders (0,111), monitoring biota (0,097), Appling rules for visitation (0,085) and developing facilities (0,085).
According to future scenario for Rambut Island, the ideal management is to protect birds and also to run bird watching activity as tourism part. A management plan should be made and applied, in order to synchronize both activities. The management plan itself, is better made together by stakeholders. This means the government as institution who has the authority to carry out the plan, ideally involves stakeholders from the beginning until the final process of management planning. All related stakeholders are involved in all of the management process.
The following are the conclusions of this study:
1. Five groups of stakeholders are involved in Rambut Island. They are government, local community, university, NGOs and private sector, respectively based on priority.
2. Future scenario chosen by all actors is protecting water bird and keeping the population stable with nowadays condition, also running tourism activity by applying visiting rules.
3. There are eight problems have to be solved in order to achieve the future scenario. In priority order are firstly: forest degradation, pollution from Jakarta, decreasing size of feeding area, lack of community awareness, institutional problem, disturbance from visitors, poor facilities, and lastly: predator - competitor.
4. There are eight policies needed to be implemented as part of management of Rambut Island. The priority given respectively to: increase public awareness, rehabilitate the forest, built capacity of community, preserve or add the feeding ground area, make cooperation forum between stakeholders, monitor biota, apply rules for the visiting and develop the facilities.
5. To keep the function and availability of Rambut island wildlife sanctuary, and also allow limited tourism, the appropriate management is to do policies based on actors choices and run bird watching activity.
The suggestions of this study are as follows:
1. Government should involve related stakeholders from the first step of planning, implementation and evaluation of the management process.
2. Government together with stakeholders makes the Management Planning for Rambut Island and bring it as a law.
3. Specific study on technical aspects of tourism is needed for implementing the overall management, especially bird watching activity.
4. This study is a big issue; there for a deep analytical hierarchy process study is needed, i.e. looking into technical aspects.
"
Jakarta: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, 2001
T9395
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Dewi Elfidasari
"Further detailed research is required to obtain deeper information on the role of wild birds on the distribution of Avian influenza in Asia. A research has been carried out on February?June 2007 focused on blood sampling (serosurveillance) of wild birds in Pulau Dua Nature Reserves (CAPD), Serang, Banten. The research is aimed to investigate the infection of AI virus sub-tye H5N1 on the studied wild birds. The blood samples were taken from studied aquatic birds, followed by HI (haemagglutination-inhibition) test. A total of 183 samples represent 7 water bird species were taken i.e Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis,Javan pond-heron Ardeola speciosa, Little egret Egretta garzetta, Intermediate egret Egretta intermedia, Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Great egret Casmerodius albus and Grey heron Ardea cinerea. The result revealed that 41 (23.27%) samples showed the present of AIV antibodies serotype H5N1 which is identified as positive. Data showed 5 positive-test species, including B. ibis (29.27%), E. garzetta (29.27%), E. intermedia (4.88%), Ardeola speciosa (7.32%), and N. nycticorax (29.27%). A total of 41.46% were infected adult individual, whereas 58.54% were juveniles."
Depok: Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat UI, 2011
J-Pdf
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Dini Isrinayanti
"Luas hutan konservasi di Indonesia hanya 17,13% dari seluruh kawasan hutan, di Jawa Tengah hutan konservasi hanya 0,03%. Hutan konservasi yang ada tidak sebanding dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang ada di Indonesia. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk dan desakan ekonomi, kebutuhan lahan semakin meningkat, lahan yang menjadi sasaran adalah lahan milik pemerintah. Ancaman terhadap kawasan hutan mengancam pula kawasan konservasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kondisi Cagar Alam Telaga Ranjeng (CATR) dan kawasan hutan penyangganya; mengetahui dan menganalisis persepsi masyarakat tentang fungsi CATR dan kawasan hutan penyangganya, menganalisis pengaruh faktor ekonomi masyarakat pada pembukaan lahan di kawasan hutan penyangga CATR, dan merumuskan strategi pengelolaan CATR dan kawasan hutan penyangganya secara tepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan mixed method. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kualitas perairan telaga di CATR pada saat ini kurang baik, BOD, padatan tersuspensi, CO2, NH3-N dan kesadahan air cukup tinggi, terdapat bakteri Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas Hydrophyla pada ikan penghuni telaga. Kawasan hutan penyangga CATR sebagian besar sudah dibuka untuk pertanian hortikultura dengan jenis tanaman kentang, kubis dan wortel. Persepsi masyarakat desa Pandansari tentang CATR dan kawasan hutan penyangganya sebagai kawasan konservasi dan kawasan lindung sudah cukup baik. Faktor sosial ekonomi masyarakat mempengaruhi luas pembukaan lahan pertanian di kawasan hutan penyangga CATR sebesar 40%, sedangkan 60% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh kebutuhan lahan pertanian, kesempatan memperoleh lahan dan tidak adanya sumber pendapatan selain pertanian. Strategi pengelolaan yang direkomendasikan untuk cagar alam adalah ekowisata, sedangkan strategi pengelolaan kawasan hutan penyangga cagar alam adalah dengan sistem penanaman agroforestry.

Preservation of biodiversity is performed in conservation area nature reserve. Conservation forest area in Indonesia is only 17.13% of the total forest area, whereas in Central Java province forest conservation is only 0.03%. The Conservation forests existing is not comparable with biodiversity in Indonesia. Along with the growth of population and economic pressure, increased land requirements, consequently the land is owned by the government were targeted by community. Threats to forests area also threaten the conservation areas. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the condition of nature reserve Ranjeng lake and their forest buffer; identify and analyze the public perception of the function of nature reserve Ranjeng lake and their forest buffer, analyze the influence of community?s social economic factors on land clearing forest area buffer of nature reserve Ranjeng lake; and formulate the nature reserve Ranjeng lake and their forest buffer to management strategy appropriately. This research was conducted with mixed method approach. The results of this study are, water quality in the nature reserve Ranjeng lake at this time is unfavorable, physically BOD, suspended solids, CO2, NH3-N and the water hardness is quite high, there is a bacterium Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas Hydrophyla in dwellers fish pond. Forest buffer of nature reserve Ranjeng lake was largely cleared for agriculture horticulture potatoes, cabbages and carrots. Pandansari rural community's perceptions of the nature reserve Ranjeng lake and their buffer forest areas for conservation and protected areas was sufficient. Socio-economic factors influencing land clearing in the forest buffer of nature reserve Ranjeng lake 40%, while 60% are influenced by the needs of agricultural land, the opportunity to acquire the land and there is no source of income other than agricultural. Recommended strategic management for nature reverse Ranjeng lake is ecotourism, while strategic management for forest buffer of nature reverse is agroforestry."
Depok: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library