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Yunan Nasikhin
"Konsumsi listrik sektor rumah tangga (residential) tahun 2014 sebesar 84,1 TWh (42% terhadap total konsumsi semua sektor), dengan pola konsumsi tiap tahun yang kurang lebih sama maka diproyeksikan pada tahun 2024 akan mencapai 464,2 TWh. Hasil studi Ditjen EBTKE ESDM, BPPT, JICA menyebutkan konsumsi energi listrik residential (R1: 450VA-900VA) khususnya untuk lampu pencahayaan sekitar 26% dan studi JICA sebelumnya pada sektor residential (R1-R2: 450VA-4.400VA) sekitar 5-14%. Sedangkan jenis lampu yang banyak digunakan sektor residential di Indonesia adalah Compact Flourecent Lamp (CFL) swabalast (50,3%), pijar (25%), Tube Lamp atau TL (24,4%) dan lainnya 0,35% dengan durasi pemakaian lampu rata-rata 9-16 jam perhari (sesuai hasil survei dan kajian BRESL). Berdasarkan referensi dari US Department of Energy, teknologi pencahayaan yang memiliki efisiensi tinggi dengan tingkat efikasi sekitar 131 lm/W dan umur pemakaian 30.000 - 75.000 jam atau lebih adalah lampu light emitting diode.
Penggunaan lampu LED memerlukan biaya awal (first cost) yang sedikit lebih besar dibandingkan jenis lampu lain, namun efisiensi yang lebih tinggi dan umur pakai yang lebih lama (akan mengurangi biaya penggantian lampu) sehingga bisa diyakinkan bahwa pencahayaan dengan lampu LED memiliki nilai keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. Penggunaan lampu LED untuk menggantikan CFL akan memberikan keuntungan ekonomis yang didapat dari penghematan setiap tahun sehingga akan menutupi biaya pembelian awal. Penerapan penggunaan lampu LED khususnya pada konsumen residential yang masih memperoleh subsidi akan didapat penghematan yang cukup besar sampai tahun 2024 dengan potensi penghematan energi antara 396-3.314 GWh dan penghematan subsidi listrik sekitar 0,34-2,83 triliun pertahun.

Electricity consumption of the household sector (residential) in 2014 amounted to 84,1 TWh (42% of the total consumption of all sectors), the consumption patterns of each year approximately the same then in 2014 is projected to reach 464,2 TWh. The study by DGEBTKE, BPPT, JICA mention the electrical energy consumption in residential (R1: 450VA-900VA) especially for lighting about 26% and the previous JICA study on the residential sector (R1-R2: 450-4.400VA) of about 5-14%. Types of lamps are widely used in the residential sector of Indonesia is the Compact Flourecent Lamp (CFL) (50.3%), Incandescent (25%), Tube lamp (TL) (24.4%) and another 0.35% with average light usage duration of 9-16 hours per day (according to survey and study of BRESL). By reference to the US Department of Energy, lighting technology which has high efficiency with efficacy levels about 131 lm/W and a service life between 30.000 - 75.000 hours or more is a light emitting diode lamp.
The use of LED lights require an initial cost (first cost) that is slightly larger than the other lamp types, but higher efficiency and longer service life (reducing the cost of replacement bulbs) so that it can be assured that the lighting with LED lights have a higher gain value. The use of LED lights to replace the CFL will provide economic benefits derived from savings each year so that it will cover the cost of the initial purchase. Application of the use of LED lights especially on residential consumers are still obtain the subsidy will get considerable savings until 2024 with the annual potential energy savings between 396 - 3314 GWh and annual electricity subsidy savings of about 0.34 - 2.83 trillion.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44385
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Tyas Kartika Sari
"Penurunan operasi pembangkit listrik PLTD Pesanggaran yang disebabkan oleh derating, tingkat efisiensi rendah, tingkat emisi dan kebisingan yang tinggi telah menimbukan masalah kelistrikan di Bali. Selain itu, PLTD Pesanggaran juga masih menggunakan bahan bakar minyak (single fuel) dimana biaya pokok produksi energi listrik meningkat seiring naiknya harga bahan bakar HSD (High Speed Diesel). Oleh sebab itu, untuk mempertahankan suplai listrik di Bali tetap terpenuhi, pemilik perusahaan melakukan efisiensi melalui program diversifikasi energi.
Pada tahun 2012, sebuah perusahaan konsultan telah dipilih untuk melakukan kajian FS (feasibility study) untuk menilai kelayakan operasi pembangkit. Kajian tersebut menyarankan agar perusahaan melakukan assets retirement without abandonment untuk PLTD Pesanggaran yaitu dengan melakukan penggantian (replacement) pembangkit lama dengan pembangkit baru yang menggunakan dual fuel engine.
Metode yang digunakan adalah perhitungan biaya COE, LCC dan economic life dari pembangkit lama maupun pembangkit baru. Penelitian menggunakan data amatan PLTD Pesanggaran, di Bali. Dengan metode tersebut dapat menghasilkan suatu model management tools untuk menentukan kelayakan keekonomiannya. Model management tools tersebut dapat dipakai untuk mempermudah pengambilan keputusan di kasus-kasus serupa pada pembangkit listrik PLTD.

The decline in diesel power plant operation Pesanggaran caused by derating, the level of low efficiency, emissions and noise levels are high already raises the problem of electricity in Bali. In addition, diesel Pesanggaran also still use fuel oil (single fuel) in which electrical energy production cost increases with rising fuel prices HSD (High Speed Diesel). Therefore, to maintain the supply of electricity in Bali remains unfulfilled, the owner of the company to improve efficiency through energy diversification program.
Additionally in 2012, a consulting firm has been selected to conduct a study FS (Feasibility Study) to assess the feasibility of plant operation. The study recommends that companies perform asset retirement without abandonment to diesel Pesanggaran by performing replacement (replacement) old plant with a new plant that uses a dual fuel engine.
A methodology is needed to conduct research studies both technical and economical feasibility of the concept. The study used data Pesanggaran diesel observations, in Bali. The methodology can produce a model management tools to determine its economic feasibility as well as to perform sensitivity testing of each parameter related. Model management tools can be used to facilitate decisionmaking in similar cases in the diesel power plant.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T43702
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fr Galuh Arum Prabandari
"[Tata kelola udara atau sering disebut Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning (HVAC) pada perusahaan farmasi mengkonsumsi energi listrik
sekitar 30% dari konsumsi listrik keseluruhan. Modifikasi teknologi pendingin
dengan alternatif teknologi Variable Speed Drive (VSD), Thermal Energy Storage
(TES) dan penggabungan keduanya menurunkan konsumsi energi listrik masing –
masing sebesar 10%, 30% dan 36%. Penggabungan dua teknologi VSD dan TES
menunjukkan nilai penurunan konsumsi energi listrik paling besar. Dan hasil
analisis keekonomian menunjukan hal yang sama bahwa penggabungan alternatif
VSD dan TES layak untuk dipilih. Hasil analisis aliran kas dan incremental
investment analysis menunjukan penggabungan teknologi VSD dan TES lebih
unggul dibanding alternatif yang lain dengan nilai NPV sebesar $79.185,00 dan
IRR sebesar 80.1%, pada jangka umur pakai 14 tahun. Tingkat kemungkinan
mendapatkan NPV > 0 sebesar 98,5% dan IRR > MARR sebesar 99.5%.;HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) on pharmaceutical
companies to consume electric energy about 30% of overall electricity
consumption. Modification of cooling technology with alternative technologies
VSD (Variable Speed Drive), (Thermal Energy Storage) and the incorporation of
both lowering the electrical energy consumption of each 10%, 30% and 36%.
Merging two VSD technology and TES showed a decrease in the value of electric
energy consumption at most. And the results of the economic analysis indicates
that the same thing that the incorporation of VSD and TES alternate eligible to be
selected. Results of the analysis of cash flow and incremental investment analysis
showed the incorporation of VSD and TES technology is superior to other
alternatives to the NPV of $ 79,185.00 and an IRR of 80.1%, in the period of
useful life of 14 years. The rate is likely to get NPV> 0 by 98.5% and IRR> MARR
of 99.5%., HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) on pharmaceutical
companies to consume electric energy about 30% of overall electricity
consumption. Modification of cooling technology with alternative technologies
VSD (Variable Speed Drive), (Thermal Energy Storage) and the incorporation of
both lowering the electrical energy consumption of each 10%, 30% and 36%.
Merging two VSD technology and TES showed a decrease in the value of electric
energy consumption at most. And the results of the economic analysis indicates
that the same thing that the incorporation of VSD and TES alternate eligible to be
selected. Results of the analysis of cash flow and incremental investment analysis
showed the incorporation of VSD and TES technology is superior to other
alternatives to the NPV of $ 79,185.00 and an IRR of 80.1%, in the period of
useful life of 14 years. The rate is likely to get NPV> 0 by 98.5% and IRR> MARR
of 99.5%.]"
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T43724
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Lazuardi Imami Abduh
"Skema Penggunaan Bersama Jaringan Transmisi (PBJT) telah menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan dari sisi non-teknis, khususnya konsep biaya sewa jaringan transmisi. Namun, pada proses perencanaan skema PBJT masih banyak permasalahan dari segi perhitungan biaya jaringan transmisi sehingga memunculkan keraguan dan ketidakpastian di kalangan investor dan pelanggan yang terlibat dalam proses transaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari pola perubahan yang terjadi pada biaya jaringan transmisi dengan metode MW-km. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengamatan pola perubahan biaya jaringan transmisi yang terjadi akibat penambahan pembangkit yang merepresentasikan keterlibatan investor (perusahaan pembangkit) dan perubahan nilai beban yang merepresentasikan peran pelanggan listrik dalam skema PBJT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nilai daya suplai dan beban pada bus yang lebih jauh menghasilkan perubahan biaya jaringan tranmisi yang lebih signifikan daripada bus yang dekat. Namun pemasangan suplai dan beban jauh lebih menguntungkan jika dipasangkan pada bus yang lebih dekat.

Power Wheeling has created changes in non-technical aspects, especially transmission pricing concept. However, there are a lot of problems in power wheeling planning, especially in pricing calculation which creates doubts and uncertainty among the investors and customers involved in power wheeling transactions scheme. This research aimed to study the change pattern of transmission price using MW-km method. The change of transmission price caused by addition of generator supply which represents investors ( Generating Companies) involvement and change of demands which represents customer involvement in the power wheeling scheme was analyzed. The results of this research showed that increasing supply and demand in farther bus caused more significant change in transmission price than the nearer bus. However demand and generator installation in nearer bus was found to be more profitable than farther bus."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44288
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ilham Budi Sriutomo
"Kondisi sistem kelistrikan Sumatera Bagian Utara sepanjang tahun 2014 memperlihatkan kekurangan pasokan listrik, kondisi tersebut sangatlah ironis mengingat Provinsi Sumatera Utara mempunyai potensi energi biomassa dari limbah hasil produksi kelapa sawit sebesar 4.248 GWh per tahun. PT Perkebunan Nusantara 3 melalui PLTBS Rambutan telah memanfaatkan limbah padat tersebut untuk dikonversi menjadi listrik dan dijual ke PLN, dimana dari rencana penjualan energi listrik rata-rata 1.051.200 kWh per bulan, hanya terealisasi rata-rata 115.301 kWh. Tidak tercapainya target penjualan listrik, akibat kuranganya suplai bahan bakar dan tidak kontinyu hasil limbah padatnya. Dengan realisasi tersebut, maka diperlukan skenario operasi untuk mendapatkan tingkat pengembalian investasi yang diharapkan Perusahaan. Model keekonomian pemanfaatan limbah padat yang dapat menyelamatkan investasi (NPV>0 dan IRR>14%) yaitu minimum operasi per tahun pada Faktor Kapasitas 79,18% dengan tidak ada biaya bahan bakar. Selain itu, untuk memastikan kontinuitas pasokan bahan bakar perlu mencadangkan selama 7 hari operasi dan frekuensi maintenance boiler pembangkit yang menggunakan serat tankos agar lebih rutin dibandingkan apabila pembangkit menggunakan serat (fibre).

The condition of the electrical system of Northern Sumatra throughout 2014 showed lack of power supply, this condition is ironic considering the North Sumatra province has the energy potential of waste biomass from oil palm production is about 4,248 GWh per year. PT PTPN 3 through PLTBS Rambutan have taken opportunities of the solid waste utilization to be converted into electricity and sold to PLN, where the planned sale of electricity on average 1.0512 million kWh per month, but realization only 115 301 kWh. Not achieving the target of electricity sales, due to the lack of fuel supply and not continuous of solid waste result. With this realization, so needed the operating scenarios to get the expected rate of return by the Company. Economics model of solid waste utilization that can save the investment (NPV> 0 and IRR> 14%) is minimum operation at capacity factor per year at 79.18% and with no fuel costs. In addition, to ensure the continuity of fuel supply, is needed feedstock for 7 days of operation and frequency of boiler maintenance that using empty fruit bunch to be more routine than PLTBS with using fibre."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T43973
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Arif Budiman
"Transformator Distribusi tegangan menengah merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari sistem penyaluran tenaga listrik dari Perusahaan listrik ke pelanggan yang berfungsi sebagai penurun tegangan dari tegangan menengah ke tegangan rendah. Dalam sebuah Gardu Distribusi tegangan menengah 20 kV, transformator merupakan material / peralatan yang membutuhkan investasi cukup besar dibandingkan peralatan lain di dalam gardu tersebut sehingga transformator distribusi diharapkan dapat menyalurkan energi listrik secara terus-menerus sesuai masa guna yang ditetapkan.
Salah satu cara untuk menentukan perkiraan pembebanan dan kondisi sebuah transformator distribusi yaitu dengan mengetahui batasan temperatur yang dapat diterima oleh sebuah transformator itu sendiri yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, dan pada thesis ini faktor yang akan dikaji adalah faktor temperatur ambient.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan data secara langsung di beberapa gardu distrubusi PT.PLN (persero) Distribusi Jakarta Raya & tangerang dengan menggunakan alat pengukur suhu ruang, thermovision dan tang ampere sebagai pengukur temperatur dan beban pada transformator serta dengan cara perhitungan sebagai perbandingan dan dasar dalam menentukan kondisi transformator distribusi.
Penelitian ini menunjukan pengaruh temperature ambient yang cukup signifikan terhadap kenaikan temperatur oil transformator baik mengunakan alat ukur maupun dengan perhitungan, dimana saat temperatur ambient 30°C & 45°C pada beban 80% akan menghasilkan temperatur oil sebesar 66,2°C & 81,2°C.

Medium voltage Distribution transformer is an integral part of the electrical power supply system from electrical company to customers that have a fuction to lowering or deacreasing medium voltage to low voltage. In a medium voltage distribution substation 20 kV, the transformer is a material / equipment that requiring substantial investment compared to other equipment in the substation, therefore the distribution transformer is expected to distribute electrical energy continuously according to the specified period.
One way to estimate distribution transformer loading and condition is knowing the limits of acceptable temperature by a transformer it self that influenced by several factors, and in this study the factors that will be examined is ambient temperature factor.
This research was done by taking data directly in several distribution substations PT.PLN(Persero) Distribusi Jakarta Raya & Tangerang using room temperature gauges, thermovision and ampere pliers as measuring the temperature and the load on the transformer and also the calculation method as a basis of comparison and in determining the conditions of distribution transformer.
This study shows the influence of the ambient temperature significantly to the rise in temperature of the oil transformer by using the measuring instrument and the calculation, when the current ambient temperature 30 ° C and 45 ° C at 80% load will produces oil temperature 66.2 ° C and 81.2 ° C.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44663
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Irwan Wakhidiyanto
"[Konsumsi minyak mentah untuk dijadikan bahan bakar terus meningkat, seiring dengan tumbuhnya perekonomian dunia. Kekhawatiran akan terus berkurangnya cadangan minyak dunia, ketidakstabilan harga minyak dnia serta perunya pengurangan gas rumah kaca menjadi alasan untuk munculnya pengembangan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan. Bahan bakar nabati (BBN) atau
disebut juga biofuel menjadi alternatif paling cocok untuk menggantikan dominansi bahan bakar fosil minyak, karena sifatnya dan teknoogi sekarang yag mampu langsung mengadopsi BBN, berbeda dengan sumber energi terbarukan lainnya yang lebih mudah untuk dikonversi menjadi listrik. Banyak Negara telah mengembangkan pemanfaatan BBN, begitu juga di Indonesia. Program mandatory BBN menjadi alat untuk menguatkan pemanfaatan BBN di Indonesia. Namun beberapa tahun kebelakang yang terjadi adalah sedikitnya realisasi pemanfaatan BBN, dan yang masih berjalan adalah biodiesel.
Harga diindikasikan menjadi faktor yang menyumbangkan peran besar atas produktifitas pemanfaatan BBN di Indonesia. Keekonomian harga BBN tidak lagi dicapai sejak penurunan harga minyak mentah dunia, maka diusulkanlah perubahan formula harga yang tidak berpatokan pada harga minyak mentah dunia. Atas dasar hal tersebut maka perlu adanya suatu analisis yang mengkaji formulasi harga BBN yang ditetapkan pemerintah dengan formulasi harga BBM
yang juga telah ditetapkan pemerintah, kemudian didapat informasi terkait dengan formulasi harga yang ada saat ini apakah mampu menghadapi dinamika harga minyak dunia maupun harga CPO. Juga diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang tepat tentang perkembangan pemanfaatan BBN di Indonesia. Lebih jauh lagi
untuk mendapat perhitungan yang tepat potensi penghematan yang mungkin didapat dari pemanfaatan BBN ini. Dengan metode pemodelan dari tiap ragam kondisi harga HIP Solar dan HIP biodiesel didapatkan bahwa ada batasan pemanfaatan pencampuran biodiesel an Solar yang dianggap masih dalam kondisi keekonomian yang dinyatakan dalam limit CPO.;Consumption of crude oil to be used as fuel continues to increase, along with the growing world economy. Concerns will continue the reduction of world oil reserves, oil price volatility dnia and perunya reduction of greenhouse gas into the reasons for the emergence of pngembangan utilization of renewable energy.
biofuels (BBN) be the most suitable alternative to replace fossil fuel dominance of oil, due to its nature and teknoogi Yag now able to directly adopt the biofuel, in contrast to other renewable energy sources that are easier to convert into electricity. Many countries have begun to develop the use of biofuel, as well as in Indonesia. BBN (biofuel) mandatory program into a tool for build biofuel utilization in Indonesia. But few know that the case is at least backward realization biofuel utilization, and is still running is biodiesel. Price is indicated to
be a factor that contributes a big role in the productivity of biofuel utilization in Indonesia. BBN is no longer economical prices achieved since the drop in world crude oil prices, then issued to change the price formula based on the price of Crude oil world. On the basis that it is necessary to examine an analytical formulation of biofuel price set by the government in the formulation of fuel prices has also been
set by the government, then can obtain information relating to the formulation of the current price is able to deal with the dynamics of world oil prices and the price of CPO. Also expected to provide precise information about the development of biofuel utilization in Indonesia. Furthermore to obtain a precise calculation of potential savings that may be obtained from the use of these fuels. With the modeling method of each variety of conditions and prices of HIP Solar, HIP biodiesel found that there is limit utilization of mixing biodiesel and diesel are considered still in the economic conditions stated in the limit CPO., Consumption of crude oil to be used as fuel continues to increase, along
with the growing world economy. Concerns will continue the reduction of world
oil reserves, oil price volatility dnia and perunya reduction of greenhouse gas into
the reasons for the emergence of pngembangan utilization of renewable energy.
biofuels (BBN) be the most suitable alternative to replace fossil fuel dominance of
oil, due to its nature and teknoogi Yag now able to directly adopt the biofuel, in
contrast to other renewable energy sources that are easier to convert into
electricity.
Many countries have begun to develop the use of biofuel, as well as in
Indonesia. BBN (biofuel) mandatory program into a tool for build biofuel
utilization in Indonesia. But few know that the case is at least backward
realization biofuel utilization, and is still running is biodiesel. Price is indicated to
be a factor that contributes a big role in the productivity of biofuel utilization in
Indonesia. BBN is no longer economical prices achieved since the drop in world
crude oil prices, then issued to change the price formula based on the price of
Crude oil world.
On the basis that it is necessary to examine an analytical formulation of
biofuel price set by the government in the formulation of fuel prices has also been
set by the government, then can obtain information relating to the formulation of
the current price is able to deal with the dynamics of world oil prices and the price
of CPO. Also expected to provide precise information about the development of
biofuel utilization in Indonesia. Furthermore to obtain a precise calculation of
potential savings that may be obtained from the use of these fuels.
With the modeling method of each variety of conditions and prices of HIP
Solar, HIP biodiesel found that there is limit utilization of mixing biodiesel and
diesel are considered still in the economic conditions stated in the limit CPO.]"
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44286
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dedy Rachmansyah
"[ABSTRAK
Lahirnya harga patokan batubara (HPB) merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang penting dalam rangka menata kembali manfaat yang optimal dalam pengelolaan batubara di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki sumberdaya dan cadangan yang cukup besar, yaitu cadangan saat ini sekitar 41 miliar ton. Sedangkan produksi tahun lalu sudah mencapai sekitar 450 juta ton sehingga telah menjadi negara pengekspor batubara no.1 di dunia. Oleh karena itu HPB merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang diharapkan dapat menguntungkan beberapa pihak. Pihak pelaku baik produsen dan konsumen telah memiliki alat bantu yang cukup jelas dalam penentuan harga batubara baik untuk harga spot atau kontrak. Sedangkan bagi pemerintah, tentu saja salah satu pusat perhatiannya adalah ketentuan harga untuk penetapan penerimaan negara semakin jelas dan transparan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengkaji keefektifan perhitungan harga patok batubara yang telah ditetapkan oleh Kementrian ESDM melalui Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara.
Selain itu penelitian ini dilakukan guna memberikan manfaat terhadap perusahaan tambang batubara untuk bagaimana melakukan aktivitas kegiatannya agar dapat tetap bertahan di dalam menghadapi dan mengantisipasi perubahan harga batubara yang fluktuatif dan semakin cenderung menurun. Penelitian ini menggunakan data amatan perusahaan energi yang beroperasi di salah satu area tambang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan suatu model perhitungan untuk menentukan keefektifan dan kelayakan keekonomiannya dalam usaha pertambangan batubara. Model perhitungan dan analisa dalam penelitian ini juga bertujuan memberikan gambaran pengaruh penetapan harga jual batubara terhadap eksistensi perusahaan tambang batubara pemegang IUP atau PKP2B sumberdaya alam batubara di wilayah Indonesia pada khususnya.

ABSTRACT
The emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.
In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular.
;he emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.
In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular.
, he emergence of reference price (HPB) is an important policy in order to reorganize the optimum benefit in the management of coal in Indonesia. Indonesia has the resources and reserves are large enough, the current reserves of about 41 billion tons. While last year's production has reached about 450 million tons that has become the no.1 coal exporting country in the world. Therefore HPB is a policy that is expected to benefit some parties. The offender both producers and consumers have had a fairly clear tools in determining the price of coal is good for spot prices or contracts. As for the government, of course, one of the central concern is the conditions for the establishment of state revenues increasingly clear and transparent. Therefore this research should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of stakes coal price calculation set by the Ministry of Energy through the Director General of Mineral and Coal.
In addition, research is conducted for the benefit of the coal mining companies to how to perform their activities in order to survive in the face and anticipate changes in coal price fluctuations and increasingly cenderun decreased. This study uses data observations energy company that operates in one area of ​​the mine in Indonesia. This research is expected to produce a model of computation to determine the effectiveness and economical feasibility in the coal mining business. Model calculations and analysis in this study also aims to provide an overview influence setting the selling price of coal on the existence of a coal mining company IUP holder or PKP2B natural resources of coal in Indonesia in particular.
]"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T43826
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Indrawan Nugrahanto
"[Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir harga batubara kalori rendah (3000-4000 Kcal) turun hingga USD 35 per ton dari periode keemasannya yang sempat mencapai USD 60 per ton tahun 2011, apabila kita tarik dari periode 5 tahun ke belakang semenjak tahun 2010 maka terjadi penurunan 42%. Menurut penelitian yang telah di lakukan sebelumnya
(Eko Hariyanto : Optimasi Cadangan Pemanfaatan Batubara Dalam Bauran Energi Nasional, Manajemen Energi UI,2014) mengatakan bahwa dengan mengkonversikan perusahaan batubara menjadi perusahaan energi dapat membantu menahan ekspor batubara dengan intensif yaitu memulihkan nilai ROI dari perusahaan batubara. Perusahaan batubara tersebut merupakan perusahaan skala besar dengan kekuatan modal yang besar pula, oleh karena itu penelitian (tesis) ini mencoba untuk mendapatkan perhitungan dan analisa keekonomian yang dapat digunakan untuk meneliti kelayakan perubahan perusahaan produsen batubara skala low-medium capacity menjadi perusahaan produsen listrik skala tertentu. Dengan melakukan perhitungan simulasi dan komparasi didapati bahwa perusahaan batubara PT Kalimantan Prima Persada selaku obyek penelitian dengan melakukan diversivikasi usaha dibidang pembangkit listrik tenaga uap skala 2x50 MW didapatkan nilai NPV dan IRR yang paling optimum dengan titik terendah perubahan harga batubara kalori rendah yang bernilai USD 26 per ton, maka
neraca keuangan perusahaan masih bernilai positif, sebagai akibat adanya optimalisasi usaha antara penjualan batubara dan diversifikasi unit usaha bidang pembangkit energi listrik.;In recent years the price of low calorie coal (3000-4000 Kcal) fell by USD 35 pertonne from the golden period which reached USD 60 per tonne in 2011, when we pull out of the last 5 years period since the year 2010, the decrease at 42% , According to the research that has been done before (Eko Hariyanto: Optimization of Coal Utilization Reserves National Energy Mix, Energy Management UI, 2014) says that the company converting coal into energy companies can help withstand intensive coal exports are
recovering ROI value of the coal company. However, the coal company is a large-scale company with greater capital strength, therefore research (thesis) tries to get the economic calculations and analysis that can be used to examine the feasibility of change in coal producing companies low-medium scale capacity into electricity producer a
certain scale. By performing simulation calculations and comparisons found that the coal company PT Kalimantan Prima Persada as an object of research by doing business diversification in the field of thermal power plant 2x50 MW scale, NPV and IRR values obtained optimum with the lowest point of low grade coal price change which is worth USD 26 per tons of the company's balance sheet is still worth a plus, as a result of optimization of business between coal sales and diversification of the electrical generation business unit., In recent years the price of low calorie coal (3000-4000 Kcal) fell by USD 35 per
tonne from the golden period which reached USD 60 per tonne in 2011, when we pull out
of the last 5 years period since the year 2010, the decrease at 42% , According to the
research that has been done before (Eko Hariyanto: Optimization of Coal Utilization
Reserves National Energy Mix, Energy Management UI, 2014) says that the company
converting coal into energy companies can help withstand intensive coal exports are
recovering ROI value of the coal company. However, the coal company is a large-scale
company with greater capital strength, therefore research (thesis) tries to get the
economic calculations and analysis that can be used to examine the feasibility of change
in coal producing companies low-medium scale capacity into electricity producer a
certain scale. By performing simulation calculations and comparisons found that the coal
company PT Kalimantan Prima Persada as an object of research by doing business
diversification in the field of thermal power plant 2x50 MW scale, NPV and IRR values
obtained optimum with the lowest point of low grade coal price change which is worth
USD 26 per tons of the company's balance sheet is still worth a plus, as a result of
optimization of business between coal sales and diversification of the electrical
generation business unit.]"
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44282
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Elok Satiti Amitayani
"Dengan jumlah penduduk yang besar dan ekonomi yang sedang bertumbuh, ketersediaan dan keterjangkauan energi - khususnya listrik - menjadi sangat penting bagi Indonesia. Meningkatnya permintaan listrik membutuhkan peningkatan kapasitas terpasang. Sebagai teknologi pemikul beban dasar dengan supply masif dan stabil, serta catatan kebersaingannya di luar negeri, pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir (PLTN) diajukan sebagai alternatif. Tren yang berkembang dalam pembangunan PLTN adalah skala 1000 MW ke atas. Namun pilihan skala ini sering tidak didasari pada suatu kajian, kecuali prinsip skala ekonomi dimana biaya kapital pembangkit menjadi semakin murah ketika ukuran semakin besar. Di sisi lain, data waktu konstruksi memperlihatkan hubungan positif terhadap kenaikan kapasitas. Lamanya waktu konstruksi dapat mengakumulasikan interest during construction sehingga pada suatu titik dapat menetralkan keuntungan dari skala ekonomi. Keadaan yang konstradiktif ini memunculkan masalah optimasi.
Penelitian ini kemudian berusaha mencari kapasitas optimal PLTN sehingga didapat biaya pembangkitan yang terkecil yang mungkin (the least possible cost). Namun, biaya pembangkit listrik minimum PLTN tetap harus bersaing dengan teknologi baseload yang ada, yakni PLTU, PLTP dan PLTD dengan biaya pembangkitan rata-rata 719, 1103 dan 3286 Rp/kWh pada tahun 2013. Menggunakan data dan asumsi pada skenario dasar, dimana biaya EPC 4260 $/kW EPC dan tingkat bunga 10%, kapasitas optimal diraih pada 809 MW dengan biaya pembangkitan levelized 15,61 sen/kWh. Dengan skenario dasar ini nuklir dengan mudah mengungguli PLTD. Namun, nuklir tidak dapat bersaing dengan PLTU dalam seluruh nilai parameter yang disimulasikan. Sementara itu nuklir dapat bersaing dengan PLTP pada tingkat interest <6% atau EPC yang dikurangi >40%.

As the fourth most populous country with growing economy, energy - particularly electricity - availability and affordability have become very crucial for Indonesia. Increasing demand calls for increasing installed capacity, nevertheless, cost economy should never be at stake. A baseload technology with massive and steady supply as well as competitiveness record abroad, nuclear power plant (NPP) steps in as alternative. Current studies shows a trend in 1000 MW class or more. However its underlying reasoning has never been met, except for economies of scale where plant is cheaper as size gets bigger. In the other hand trend in construction time shows an increase with regard to size, letting more accumulation in interest during construction which at some point may offset the benefit of economies of scale. The contradictory condition reveals an optimization challenge.
This research then tries to find an optimum capacity at which NPP can be built at its least possible generating cost. However, in order to be adopted, that least cost must be able to compete with the cost of existing baseload fleets namely coal, geothermal , and diesel averaging at 719, 1103, and 3268 Rp/kWh in 2013. With the data and assumptions taken for base case scenario, that is at 4260 $/kW EPC cost and 10% interest rate, optimum capacity is reached at 809 MW with 15,61 cent/kWh levelized generating cost. On base case scenario, nuclear competitiveness easyly surpasses diesel. However, nuclear cannot compete with coal in all parameter values simulated. Nuclear is competitive with geothermal, provided the interest rate is less than 6% or EPC cost is cut at more than 40%.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44254
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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