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"Limbah industri kelapa sawit Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) dan sampah organik mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi namun belum dimanfaatkan dengan optimal. Pengelolaan sampah yang baik harus dilakukan dengan daur ulang sampah organic. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan solusi berupa biokonversi menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) dengan penambahan perlakuan fermentasi untuk mengoptimalkan proses biokonversi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh fermentasi PKM dan sampah organik terhadap pertumbuhan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF); dan kandungan nutrisi larva BSF. Larva BSF berusia 6 hari (6-DOL) dipelihara pada media pertumbuhan dengan lima perlakuan berbeda, yaitu campuran limbah PKM dan sampah organik fermentasi dan tanpa fermentasi, Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk dan uji homogenitas Levene’s test, dilanjutkan dengan uji ANOVA dengan derajat kepercayaan α=0,05. Hasil penelitian diperoleh campuran limbah dengan fermentasi efektif digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan larva BSF dalam meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup, konsumsi pakan, indeks reduksi limbah, dan kandungan nutrien berupa protein dan lemak yang tinggi. Sedangkan campuran limbah tanpa fermentasi efektif dalam meningkatkan biomassa larva dan efisiensi konversi pakan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan penambahan perlakuan fermentasi PKM dan sampah organik sebagai media pertumbuhan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan larva BSF. Penambahan fermentasi PKM dan sampah organik berpengaruh terhadap kandungan nutrisi larva BSF.

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Palm oil industrial waste Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) and organic waste contain high organic matter but have not been utilized optimally. Good waste management must be done by recycling biowaste. Therefore, we need a solution, namely by bioconversion using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae with the addition of fermentation treatment to optimize this bioconversion process. This research aims to analyze the effect of PKM and organic waste fermentation on the growth of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae and nutritional content of BSF larvae. BSF larvae aged 6 days (6-DOL) were maintained on the feed media with five different treatments, namely a mixture of PKM and organic waste fermented and unfermented. Data analysis used was the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality and the Levene's test of homogeneity, continued with ANOVA test with a degree of confidence α =0.05. The results of research showed fermented waste mixture was effectively used as a growth media for BSF larvae in increasing survival rate of BSF larvae, feed consumption rate, waste reduction index, and high nutrient content namely protein and lipid. While the unfermented waste mixture was effectively used as a growth medium for BSF larvae in increasing the biomass of BSF larvae and efficiency conversion of ingested food. The results of data analysis showed that the addition of PKM and organic waste fermentation treatment as a growth medium had no significant effect on the growth of BSF larvae. The addition of PKM and organic waste fermentation affected the nutritional content of BSF larvae."

"Kelimpahan fitoplankton di suatu Situ tergantung pada kandungan nitrat dan fosfat. Konsentrasi kandungan nitrat dan fosfat di suatu situ dipengaruhi oleh buangan limbah. Kandungan nitrat dan fosfat dapat mempengaruhi keberadaan fitoplankton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa kuat hubungan antara kandungan nitrat dan fosfat dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton, dan mengetahui parameter fisika-kimia di Situ Kenanga. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah air sampel untuk uji nitrat dan fosfat dan sampel fitoplankton yang berasal dari Situ Kenanga. Sampling dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2020 hingga Januari 2021 pada musim hujan, oleh karena kondisi lingkungan pada perairan sangat bergantung pada musim. Sampling dilakukan selama 3 minggu di 3 stasiun yang berbeda. Masing-masing stasiun terdiri dari 3 titik. Uji kandungan nitrat dan fosfat serta pencacahan fitoplankton dilakukan di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan nitrat di Situ Kenanga berkisar antara 2.29 mg/L - 3.89 mg/L. Kandungan nitrat tergolong baik sehingga optimal untuk pertumbuhan fitoplankton. Kandungan fosfat berkisar antara 0.3 mg/L - 0.5 mg/L. Kandungan fosfat tergolong tinggi namun masih dapat ditolerir oleh fitoplankton. Kelimpahan fitoplankton di Situ Kenanga berkisar antara 303.05 Sel/L – 727.65 Sel/L. Terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara kandungan nitrat dan fosfat dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton di Situ Kenanga ( r = 0.99)

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The abundance of phytoplankton in a Situ depends on the content of nitrate and phosphate. The concentration of nitrate and phosphate content in a site is affected by the discharge of waste. The content of nitrate and phosphate can affect the presence of phytoplankton. The purpose of this study was to determine how strong the relationship between nitrate and phosphate content with the abundance of phytoplankton, and to determine the physico-chemical parameters in Situ Kenanga. The materials used in this study were sample water for nitrate and phosphate tests and phytoplankton samples from Situ Kenanga. Sampling was carried out from October 2020 to January 2021 during the rainy season, because environmental conditions in the waters depended on the season. Sampling was carried out for 3 weeks at 3 different stations. Each station consists of 3 points. Tests for nitrate and phosphate content as well as phytoplankton count were carried out in the laboratory. The results showed that the nitrate content in Situ Kenanga ranged from 2.29 mg/L - 3.89 mg/L. The nitrate content is classified as good so that it is optimal for the growth of phytoplankton. Phosphate content ranges from 0.3 mg/L - 0.5 mg/L. The phosphate content is relatively high but can still be tolerated by phytoplankton. The abundance of phytoplankton in Situ Kenanga ranged from 303.05 Cells/L – 727.65 Cells/L. There is a very strong relationship between the content of nitrate and phosphate with the abundance of phytoplankton in Situ Kenanga (r = 0.99)."

"Penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas diatom epifit pada daun lamun di padang lamun perairan Muara Binuangeun, Banten telah dilakukan pada tanggal 30 April -- 3 Mei 2015. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas Diatom epifitik pada daun lamun Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch. antara lain, komposisi genus, kepadatan, dominansi, keanekaragaman, dan kemerataan pada setiap stasiun di Muara Binuangeun, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komposisi Diatom epifitik yang diperoleh di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 12 genus dari 4 kelas. Kepadatan Diatom epifitik tiap stasiun berkisar antara 91800 - 420560 sel/ dm2. Nilai indeks dominansi berkisar antara 0,617-0,917 dan tergolong tinggi di setiap stasiun, hal tersebut disebabkan karena terdapat genus Navicula yang mendominasi disetiap stasiun. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman di setiap stasiun penelitian tergolong rendah (berkisar antara 0,25-0,86). Nilai indeks kemerataan berkisar antara 0,1-0,36 dengan stasiun 1 dan 4 tergolong tidak merata, sedangkan pada stasiun 2 dan 3 tergolong kurang merata. Rendahnya nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan disebabkan karena adanya tekanan ekologis pada lokasi penelitian. Secara umum, struktur komunitas Diatom epifitik pada lokasi penelitian tergolong tidak stabil karena tingkat dominansi yang tinggi, keanekaragaman yang rendah, dan kemerataan yang tidak merata dan kurang merata.

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Research on community structure of epiphyte Diatom on Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch. leaves at seagrass beds Muara Binuangeun Coastal, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten was conducted on 30 April -- 3 May 2015. The aim of this study was to determine community structure of epiphyte Diatom on Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch. leaves include genus composition, abundance, dominance, diversity, and evenness each stations at Muara Binuangeun, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Sampling location was determineted by purposive sampling method. Result shows that 4 classis 12 genera Diatom epiphytic composition was obtained . Diatom epiphytic abundance range in each station was 91800 - 420560 sel/ dm2. Dominance index score range was 0,617-0,917 and was classified as high at each stations because genus Navicula dominant in each stations. Diversity index score was classified as low (0,25-0,86) at each stations. Evenness index score range was 0,1-0,36 with station 1 and 4 classifed as highly unevenn and station 2 and 3 was classified as unevenly. Diversity and evenness index score was low because there were ecological pressures. In general, community structure of epiphyte Diatom in research location was unstable because dominance index was high, diversity index was low, and evenness index was highly uneven and unevenly."

"Penelitian mengenai kualitas Danau Puspa, Danau Ulin dan Danau Salam Universitas Indonesia dilakukan di inlet, midlet dan outlet dari masing-masing danau pada November hingga Desember 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas Danau Puspa, Danau Ulin dan Danau Salam dengan menggunakan makroinvertebrata yang didapat dari Eichhornia crassipes yang diambil dari masing-masing stasiun pengambilan sampel sebagai bioindikator melalui metode Family Biotic Index. Tidak hanya sampel makroinvertebrata, parameter lingkungan juga turut diukur. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 7 famili makroinvertebrata yaitu Cydnidae, Naucoridae, Thiaridae, Pleuroceridae, Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae dan Viviparidae. Danau Puspa, Danau Ulin dan Danau Salam memiliki rentang nilai rata-rata FBI 6,067 – 6,1 yang berarti kualitas ketiga danau tersebut tergolong agak buruk.

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Research on the quality of Lake Puspa, Lake Ulin and Lake Salam Universitas Indonesia was carried out in the inlet, midlet and outlet of each lake from November to December 2018. Research to determine the quality of Lake Puspa, Lake Ulin and Lake Salam using macroinvertebrates obtained from Eichhornia crassipes used as bioindicator based on the Family Biotic Index method. Not only macroinvertebrate samples, the environmental parameters are also measured. The results of the study were 7 macroinvertebrate families were obtained, namely Cydnidae, Naucoridae, Thiaridae, Pleuroceridae, Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae and Viviparidae. Lake Puspa, Lake Ulin and Lake Salam have a range of average values of FBI 6,067 – 6,1 which means that the quality is classified as poor. "

"Keberadaan mikroplastik telah mencemari dan mengganggu perairan di wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada lamun Cymodocea rotundata, sedimen, dan air Pulau Rambut, Teluk Jakarta tahun 2022 dan 2023. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun Pulau Rambut (Timur, Selatan, dan Barat).  Sampel diambil sebanyak delapan individu lamun per stasiun, sedimen, dan air dengan metode random sampling. Sampel lamun dipotong sepanjang 2 cm lalu dikerik, sedimen dikeringkan lalu diberikan larutan jenuh NaCl, dan sempel air diberikan NaCl kemudian seluruh sampel diamati dibawah mikroskop. Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik lamun C. rotundata pada tahun 2022 sebesar 42 partikel/cm dan pada tahun 2023 sebesar 44,46 partikel/cm. Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen tahun 2022 sebesar 73,53 partikel/g dan pada tahun 2023 sebesar  79,56 partikel/g. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air tahun 2022 sebesar 51,33 partikel/L dan pada tahun 2023 sebesar 53,78 partikel/L. Uji Korelasi Spearman menjelaskan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik sampel lamun dengan sedimen, air dengan sedimen, dan lamun dengan air memiliki korelasi positif yang kuat. Hasil Uji-T menyatakan terdapat perbedaan tidak signifikan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada lamun C. rotundata (sig. (2-tailed) 0,182>0,05) dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kelimpahan mikroplastik sedimen tahun 2022 dan 2023 (sig. (2-tailed) 0,007<0,05). Hasil uji ATR-FTIR didapatkan kandungan polimer CA, ABS, HDPE, PMMA, PVC, dan PET pada sampel daun lamun C. rotundata.

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The existence of microplastics has polluted and disturbed the waters in Indonesian territory. This research compared the abundance of microplastics i Cymodocea rotundata seagrass, sediment, and water on Rambut Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta, in 2022 and 2023. Samples were taken as many as eight individuals of seagrass per station, sediment, and water by random sampling method. The seagrass samples were cut 2 cm long and scraped, the sediment was dried and then given a saturated solution of NaCl, and the water sample was given NaCl. Then all samples were observed under a microscope. The average microplastic abundance of C. rotundata seagrass leaves in 2022 was 42 particles/cm and in 2023, it was 4.46 particles/cm. The average abundance of microplastics in sediments in 2022 was 73.53 particles/g and in 2023, it was 79.56 particles/g. The abundance of microplastics in water samples in 2022 was 51.33 particles/L and in 2023, it was 53.78 particles/L. The Spearman Correlation Test explains that the microplastic abundance of seagrass with sediment, water with sediment, and seagrass with water samples had a strong correlation. The results of the T-test stated that there was no significant difference in the abundance of microplastics in seagrass leaves of C. rotundata (sig. (2-tailed) 0.182>0.05) and there was a significant difference in the abundance of microplastics in sediments in 2022 and 2023 (sig. (2-tailed) 0.007<0.05). The results of the ATR-FTIR test found the polymer content of CA, ABS, HDPE, PMMA, PVC, and PET in C. rotundata seagrass samples."

"Pulau Tidung di Kepulauan Seribu memiliki ekosistem beragam salah satunya padang lamun. Keberagaman ini membuat Pulau Tidung banyak dimanfaatkan menjadi tempat penelitian dan destinasi wisata unggulan. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi struktur komunitas biota laut seperti gastropoda di padang lamun. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan struktur komunitas gastropoda, membandingkannya dengan keadaan Maret 2022, serta menganalisis korelasi jenis partikel dan jumlah karbon sedimen terhadap kepadatan gastropoda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuadran berukuran 1 x 1 m dengan bantuan transek. Struktur komunitas mengalami peningkatan dilihat dari kepadatan dan keanekaragamannya. Kepadatan tahun 2022 sebesar 2,5 ind/m2 dan 4,29 ind/m2 pada tahun 2023. Keanekaragaman pada tahun 2022 sebesar 1,92 dan meningkat menjadi 2,31 pada tahun 2023. Sementara itu, indeks lain seperti kemerataan, dominansi, dan distribusi relatif sama. Kemerataan di tahun 2022 sebesar 0,58 dan 0,61 pada 2023. Dominansi pada tahun 2022 sebesar 0,21 dan sebesar 0,14 pada tahun 2023. Distribusi untuk setiap individu gastropoda cenderung sama yaitu berkelompok dan seragam. Berdasarkan nilai similaritas, kesamaan komposisi gastropoda pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 sebesar 0,64. Gastropoda dipengaruhi pula oleh jenis partikel dimana berkorelasi positif dengan pasir sebesar 0,46 pada tahun 2022 dan 0,44 pada tahun 2023. Korelasi gastropoda dengan butiran berkorelasi secara negatif sebesar -0,74 pada tahun 2022 dan -0,39 pada tahun 2023. Korelasi dengan lumpur juga merupakan korelasi negative sebesar -0,42 pada tahun 2022 dan -0,43 di tahun 2023. Selain itu, persentase karbon juga mempengaruhi keberadaan gastropoda secara positif sebesar 0,47 pada tahun 2022 dan 0,81 tahun 2023.

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Tidung Island in the Thousand Islands has a variety of ecosystems, one of which is seagrass beds. This diversity has made Tidung Island widely used as a research site and a leading tourist destination. It can affect the community structure of marine biota, such as gastropods in seagrass beds. The research aims to analyze changes in the gastropod community structure, compare it to the situation in March 2022, and analyze the correlation of the type of particles and the amount of carbon sediment to the density of gastropods. This study used the quadrant method measuring 1 x 1 m with the help of transects. The community structure has increased in terms of density and diversity. The density in 2022 is 2,5 ind/m2 and 4,29 ind/m2 in 2023. The diversity indices in 2022 are 1,92 and increased to 2,31 in 2023. Other indices, such as evenness, dominance, and distribution, are relatively the same. Evenness in 2022 is 0,58 and 0,61 in 2023. The dominance indices in 2022 are 0,21 and 0,14 in 2023. The distribution indices for each gastropod tend to be the same, as a group and uniform. Based on the similarity value, the similarity of gastropod composition in 2022 and 2023 is 0,64. Gastropods are also affected by the type of particles which has a positive correlation with sand of 0,46 in 2022 and 0,44 in 2023. The correlation of gastropods with grains has a negative correlation of -0,74 in 2022 and -0,39 in 2023. The correlation with mud is also a has a negative correlation of -0,42 in 2022 and -0,43 in 2023. In addition, the percentage of carbon also positively influences the presence of gastropods by 0,47 in 2022 and 0.81 in 2023."

"Sampah plastik semakin meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya tahun, dengan begitu kemungkinan terjadi peningkatan kelimpahan mikroplastik. Mikroplastik dapat secara tidak sengaja masuk ke dalam tubuh biota laut, salah satunya kerang hijau Perna viridis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perbandingan kelimpahan mikroplastik yang terdapat pada kerang hijau, air, dan sedimen di Teluk Banten saat musim hujan tahun 2020 dan 2021. Seluruh sampel kerang hijau, air, dan sedimen diambil pada tiga stasiun. Kerang hijau yang digunakan sebanyak 10 individu. Jaringan lunak kerang hijau dipisahkan dari cangkangnya dilarutkan dengan larutan HNO3 kemudian ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Air laut sebanyak 20 L disaring menggunakan plankton net dan sedimen dikeringkan di oven kemudian ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Perhitungan partikel mikroplastik dilakukan di bawah mikroskop dan sampel diletakkan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Tipe mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah fiber, fragmen, dan film. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 23,78 ± 14,74 partikel/gr pada kerang hijau, 56,78 ± 12,91 partikel/L pada air, dan 36.888 ± 2.671,11 partikel/Kg pada sedimen. Kelimpahan mikroplastik tersebut lebih rendah dari kelimpahannya pada tahun 2021, yaitu 28,50 ± 6,11 partikel/gr pada kerang hijau, 64,22 ± 4,19 partikel/L pada air, dan 48.355 ± 2.697,60 partikel/Kg pada sedimen. Dari tahun 2020 ke 2021, kelimpahan mikroplastik dalam kerang hijau meningkat sebesar 19,89%, air meningkat sebesar 13,12%, dan sedimen meningkat sebesar 31,08%.

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Plastic waste increases with increasing years, thus the possibility of increased microplastic abundance. Microplastics can accidentally enter the body of marine biota, one of which is green mussels Perna viridis. This study aims to analyze the comparison of microplastic abundance found in green mussels, water, and sediment in Banten Bay during the rainy season in 2020 and 2021. All samples of green mussels, water, and sediment were taken at three stations. Green mussels were taken as many as 10 individuals. The soft tissues of the green mussels were separated from the shell dissolved with an HNO3 solution then added a saturated NaCl solution. Sea water as much as 20 L filtered using plankton net and sediment dried in the oven then added saturated NaCl solution. Calculations of microplastic particles were performed under a microscope and samples were placed in the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. The types of microplastics found are fiber, fragments, and film. The results showed an abundance of microplastics in 2020 as much as 23.78 ± 14.74 particles/gr in green mussels, 56.78 ± 12.91 particles/L in water, and 36,888 ± 2,671.11 particles/Kg in sediment. Those abundance is lower than the abundance in 2021, which was 28.50 ± 6.11 particles/gr in green mussels, 64.22 ± 4.19 particles/L in water, and 48,355 ± 2,697.60 particles/Kg in sediment. From 2020 to 2021, the abundance of microplastics in green mussels increased by 19.89%, water increased by 13.12%, and sediment increased by 31.08%."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur dan komposisi komunitas jenis tumbuhan bawah di areal Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango.° Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi yaitu lereng bawah, lereng atas, dan punggung bukit.° Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari bulan April hingga September 1999.Pencacahan flora menggunakan metode berpetak dengan 2 buah transek sepanjang 275 m. Pada setiap transek dibuat 25 petak berukuran lx1 m dengan jarak 10 m antar petak.Hasil pencacahan tumbuhan bawah pada 150 petak lx1 m2 di tiga lokasi penelitian Gunung Masigit mencatat 43 jenis tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam 39 marga dan 35 suku, dengan jenis-jenis utama Dipteris conjugata, Blechnum finlaysonianum, Impatiens javensis, tlrena lobata, Reds sp, Elatostemma sp, Smilax zeylanica, Schima wallrchrr, Phaius sp, Vitis adnanta, Dendrochyllum sp, Cyperus sp.Sebaran jenis tumbuhan bawah di lokasi penelitian, khususnya di Lereng Bawah dan Punggung Bukit, sangat heterogen. Penyebaran jenisjenis tertentu umumnya tidak terkait dengan sebaran jenis-jenis iainnya. Komunitas tumbuhan bawah di Lereng Bawah dan Lereng Atas dapat disebut sebagai komunitas Dipteris conjugate, sedangkan di Punggung Bukit disebut asosiasi D.conjugata-B.fnlaysonianum. Karakteristik tumbuhan bawah di lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas tumbuhan di sana telah mengalami gangguan. Kadar air lapangan yang dimiliki jenis-jenis dominan seperti Dipteris conjugata dan Blechnum finlaysonianum, yang hanya sekitar 30 %, memiliki resiko.tjnggi terhadap bahaya kebakaran.

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ABSTRACTComposition and Structures Community Lowland Fires in Gunung Masigit and Preliminary Study of Natural Regeneration Forest Fire Gunung Masigit, G. Gede-Pangrango National ParkGunung Gede Pangrango National Park, is one of the Long-term Ecological Research Site in Indonesia. In the late 1997, the fires have burnt and destroyed nearly 300 ha forest in this park . Of nine location of hot spots recognized G.Masigit was the largest burnt area with the tot& of 250 ha . Undergrowth vegetation got the most severe impacts. Almost undergrowth vegetation in various location in study site were totally burnt. However, with in three months following burning new seedlings such as Omalanthus populneus, Macaranga tanarius , Trema orientalis appeared in the forest floor.°Abdulhadi et al. (1999) reported that those species were found as the component of seed bank in a permanent plot of this forest. Thus, it is believed that those seedlings might be recruited from seed bank or seed rain.The objective of the research is to find out the composition and structure of undergrowth forest a community after forest fire in Gunung Masigit, G. Gede-Pangrango National Park.Data collection were carried out between April and September 1999 at three areas, i.e. upper slope, lower slope, ridge. Four transects of 275 m were established within each site; each two transects established in burnt and unburnt forest. A long the each 275 m transect 25 plots of l x1 m were established with the interval of 10 m.A total of 43 species belong to 39 genera and 35 families were recorded within 150 plots of unburnt sites. The dominant species of the unburnt sites were Dipteris conjugata, Blechnum fnlaysonianum, Impatiens javensis, Urena lobalata, Pteris sp, Elatostemma sp, Smilax zeylanica, Schima wallichii, Phaius sp, Vitis adnanta, Dendrochy1/um sp, Cyperus sp.Based on their important value indices (I V I) the plant communities in lower and upper slopes were called Dipteris conjugata community, while in ridge site was an association of D_conjugata and Blechnum fin/aysonianum. The composition of undergrowth forest community observed during this study clearly indicated that G. Masigit has experienced some kind of disturbance before the fire in the late 1997.Field water capacities of the dominant plants of the undergrowth forest were about 30 %. It is believed that this condition makes the forest is under high risk of fires.The species richness of born sites was higher than in unburnt sites due to occurrence of the secondary species such as Melastoma balatrichum and Omalanthus populneus, that were not found in the unburnt site. There were 38 species found on the ridge, as the richest site, followed by upper slope 33 species , and the lower slope 21 species. Based on the life form, the undergrowth species in burning area can be classified to 18 species of trees, 6 species of shrubs, 9 species of lianas, 15 species of herbs, and 5 species of ferns.The undergrowth forest community in burnt sites was dominated by herbs and ferns indicated that the community was still in an early succession. The LVI of plant communities in burnt site showed that the lower slope was the association of Pteris sp-Flatostemma sp., the upper slope was a community of Cyperus sp, and the ridge was the association of Cyperus sp-Pteris sp.

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"Limestone cave is an unique ecosystem with having characteristics on enclosed space, dark, stable temperature, moist, air sirculation and being inhabited by specific flora and fauna. A limestone cave ecosystem is fragile and unrenewable for the process of its formation needs millions of years (Bullock,1965:60; Whitten et al. 1996: 542). Petruk and Jatijajar limestone caves are located at the vicinity of South Gombong Crust ,Central Java. Being potential as tourist attractions, the two caves are made used by local government tourist agency of Kebumen Regency. To create a proper managament system which saveguard the ecological function of the cave as well as the related ecological process, studies on the biodiversity and ecology are needed. The objectives of this study are primarily to understand : (1). The level of abundance of bats (2). The different of the physical environment which influence the bats populations (3). The diversity of fauna (4). The preference roosting place the bats at Petruk and Jatijajar cave. This study is conducted at Petruk cave and Jatijajar cave which are located at Ayah subdistric , Kebumen regency , Central Java in July - September 1999. The estimation of bat populations is made by counting the total number of induvidual bats when they left the cave in the evening and roosting the roof of cave during the days. For physical environment studies of the cave, the temperature, humidity and the light intensity at every zone of the cave were measured. Avertebrata and water fauna diversity were calculated by square method (murray 1991: 48), and the vertebrate diversity by line transek method (Wardoyo: 1986:11). The habitat preference of bat's roosting was identified using several criteria including the distance of the roosting place from the cave enterance, temperature, humidity and light intensity of the roosting place of each bats colony. To compare the physical data of the similar zone the ANOVA test was used at the level of 95 % signiticant (Walpole 1987: 383).The fauna diversity index was calculated by the Shanon - Whiner index (Cox, 1997:195). The similarity of those population were measured by Sorensen formula (Cox, 1997:197 ).The map for roosting habitat preference is made based on available map has been provided by Finspac' (1997), while for Jatijajar cave has been prepared by tourism agency of the Kebumen local goverment 1997. Conclusions drawn from this study were : 1) The bat population of Petruk cave during the research was approximately 144.00 at 661,34 and of Jatijajar cave around 2.874 + 179,2. 2) The physical environment of Petruk cave was warmer, with a high humidity level , and darker than the Jatijajar cave. 3) The land fauna diversity of Petruk cave was higher than that of Jatijajar cave. However those caves have similarities concerning the water fauna diversity. 4) At petruk cave 8 roosting places in habited by 6 species of bat' s namely : Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Hipposideros bicolor,Hipposideros diadema, Myotis horsfieldii, Tadarida plicata and Rhinolopus luctus. At Jatijajar cave there are 6 roosting places inhabited by 3 species of bat , namely: Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Hipposideros bicolor and Rhinoilopus luctus. At both of cave the R. amplexicaudatus prefer red to have a roosting place somewhere around the entrance due to sufficient light. However R. luctus preferred to have a roosting place at the far end of the cave where the level of humidity is high and there is no light at all. The other species : H. bicofon H. diadema ,M, horsfieldii, and T. plicata preferred to have a roosting place at the medle of the cave which little light is available and the temperature and humidity are fluctuative."

"Tumbuhan Isachne globose merupakan salah satu tumbuhan emergent yang hidup di Situ Lab. Alam , FMIPA UI. Isachne globose mampu berfungsi sebagai substrat bagi fitoepifiton, namun keberadaan fitoepifiton yang menempel pada tumbuhan I. globose mampu menghambat cahaya matahari yang mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan tersebut. Telah dilakukan analisis pengaruh metabolit sekunder pada tumbuhan I. globose sebagai antifouling yang mampu menahan penempelan fitoepifiton. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan batang I. globose perlakuan yang telah dihilangkan metabolit sekundernya dan batang kontrol yang keduanya direndam selama 7 hari di Situ Lab. Alam. Metabolit sekunder batang I. globose dianalisa dengan HPLC untuk mengetahui profil kromatografinya. Data penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kelimpahan fitoepifiton pada batang kontrol sebesar 219 individu/sel 2 dari 22 genera, sedangkan pada batang perlakuan sebesar 444 individu/cm 2 dari 27 genera. Berdasarkan uji t, nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan pada batang I. globose kontrol dan perlakuan berbeda nyata. Profil kromatogram ekstrak batang I. globose pada panjang gelombang 285 nm menunjukkan adanya 4 metabolit sekunder paling dominan (RT 7,50; 8,89; 9,99 dan 15,10). Diduga metabolit sekunder dominan tersebut berperan antifouling terhadap penempelan fitoepifiton di Situ Lab. Alam.

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I. globose is one of the emergent plants that live in the Situ Lab. Alam, FMIPA UI. Isachne globose is able to function as a substrate for phytoepiphyton, but the presence of phytoepiphyton that attaches to plants I globose is able to inhibit sunlight which supports the growth and development of these plants. An analysis of the effects of secondary metabolites on plants has been carried out I. globose as an antifouling that is able to with stand the attachment of phytoepiphyton. The study was conducted using stem I. globose treatment which had been removed by secondary metabolites and control, both of them were soaked for 7 days. Secondary metabolites in I. globose were analyzed by HPLC to determine the profile chromatographic.

The results data shows the abundance of phytophthiton in I. globose control was 219 individuals/cm 2 from 22 genera, while in the treatment stem was 444 individual/cm 2 from 27 genera. Based on the t test, the value of index diversity and abundance in stem I. globose control and treatment were significantly different. Profile chromatogram extract I. globose at 285 nm wavelength showed 4 of the most dominant secondary metabolites (Real Time 7,50; 8,89; 9,99 and 15,10). It is suspected that the dominant secondary metabolites play role as antifouling for attaching phytoepiphyton at Isachne globose stem in Situ Lab. Alam."