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"Penelitian ini menganalisis kelimpahan dan jenis mikroplastik pada bandeng Chanos chanos, air, dan endapan tambak bandeng di Muara Kamal dan Marunda, Teluk Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel bandeng dilakukan dengan kriteria umur 5 sampai 6 tahun berusia bulan dengan jumlah sampel 6 ikan dari setiap lokasi. Air dan sedimen tadinya diambil dari 5 titik di kolam bandeng di setiap lokasi. Saluran pencernaan diekstraksi dari setiap bandeng dihancurkan dengan pereaksi asam nitrat yang kuat (HNO3 65%). air sampel disaring menggunakan plankton net dengan ukuran mesh 300 μm dan sedment sampel dikeringkan dalam oven. Solusi NaCl terkonsentrasi digunakan untuk mencapai flotasi mikroplastik pada setiap sampel disiapkan saluran pencernaan ikan bandeng, air yang disaring, dan sedimen kering. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mikroskop cahaya.Sampel ditempatkan di Sedgwick Rafter Chamber dan penghitungan mikroplastik dilakukan dilakukan untuk partikel dengan ukuran mulai dari 20 μm hingga 4 mm berdasarkan bentuk partikelnya serat, film, fragmen, dan granula. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk sampel dari Muara Kamal menunjukkan jumlah mikroplastik 3.005 ± 437,4 partikel ind-1 dalam ikan bandeng, 103,8 ± 20,7 partikel L-1 dalam air, dan 111.680 ± 13.204,2 partikel Kg-1 dalam sedimen. Mikroplastik Kelimpahan ditemukan lebih rendah dalam sampel dari Marunda dengan 2.090 ± 545 partikel ind-1 in bandeng, 90,7 ± 17,4 partikel L-1 dalam air, dan 82,480 ± 11,226,4 partikel Kg-1 dalam sedimen.

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This study analyzes the abundance and types of microplastics in Chanos chanos, water, and milkfish pond deposits in Muara Kamal and Marunda, Jakarta Bay. Sampling of milkfish is carried out with the criteria of age 5 to 6 years old with a sample of 6 fish from each location. Water and sediment were taken from 5 points in the milkfish pond at each location. The digestive tract is extracted from each milkfish destroyed by strong nitric acid reagents (65% HNO3). water. The sample was filtered using a plankton net with amesh size of 300 μm and the sample sedment was dried in an oven. The concentrated NaCl solution is used to achieve. Microplastic flotation in each sample was prepared by the digestive tract of milk fish, filtered water, and dry sediment. Observations were made with a light microscope. Samples were placed in the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and microplastic calculations were carried out for particles ranging in size from 20 μm to 4 mm based on the particle shape of the fibers, films, fragments, and granules. The results obtained for samples from Muara Kamal showed the amount of microplastic 3.005 ± 437.4 particles ind-1 in milkfish, 103.8 ± 20.7 L-1 particles in water, and 111,680 ± 13,204.2 Kg-1 particles in sediments. Abundance microplastic was found lower in samples from Marunda with 2,090 ± 545 ind-1 particles in milkfish, 90.7 ± 17.4 L-1 particles in water, and 82,480 ± 11,226.4 Kg-1 particles in sediment."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan serta jenis mikroplastik yang terakumulasi pada air, sedimen, dan saluran pencernaan bulu babi Diadema setosum, menganalisis korelasi anatara kelimpahan mikroplastik yang terkandung pada saluran pencernaan dan sedimen, membandingkan hasil kelimpahan mikroplastik di Pulau Tidung dan Pulau Untung Jawa, Jakarta Kepulauan Seribu. Pengambilan sampel bulu babi Diadema setosum, air, dan sedimen dilakukan dari 15 lokasi yang berbeda berdasarkan letak koloni biota. Sampel saluran pencernaan bulu babi dianalisis dengan cara melarutkannya pada HNO3 65%, sampel air (20 l) disaring dengan plankton net 300 µm, dan sampel sedimen (200 g) dikeringkan di oven terlebih dahulu, kemudian masing-masing sampel diberi NaCl untuk dijenuhkan agar mikroplastik mengapung ke atas permukaan. Masing-masing sampel (1 ml) diletakan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber untuk diamati di bawah mikroskop dan dihitung berdasarkan jenis partikel yang ditemui yaitu fiber, film, fragmen, dan granula. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada Pulau Untung Jawa lebih tinggi sejumlah 99,88 ± 1,79 partikel L-1 pada air, 110.737,77 ± 4.197,61 partikel Kg-1 pada sedimen, dan 2.175,55 ± 584,26 partikel Ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan bulu babi. Pada Pulau Tidung kelimpahan mikroplastik yang terkandung pada air sejumlah 87,4 ± 9,61 partikel L-1, pada sedimen sebesar 87.626,66 ± 4.957,00 partikel Kg-1, dan pada saluran pencernaan bulu babi sebesar 1.786,66 ± 451,17 partikel Ind-1. Adanya korelasi positif antara jumlah mikroplastik dengan berat sedimen yang terkandung dalam saluran pencernaan bulu babi di Pulau Untung Jawa, dan tidak adanya korelasi positif antara jumlah mirkoplastik dengan berat sedimen yang terkandung dalam saluran pencernaan bulu babi di Pulau Tidung.

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This study aims to analyze the abundance and types of microplastics that accumulate in water, sediments, and digestive tracts of sea urchins Diadema setosum, analyzed the extent of microplastic abundance contained in smelting and sediments, compared the results of microplastic abundance in Untung Jawang Island and Tidung Island, Seribu Islands. Samples of sea urchins Diadema setosum, water, and sediment were taken from 15 different locations based on the location of the biota colony. Samples of the digestive tracts of sea urchins were analyzed by dissolving them at 65% HNO3, water samples (20 l) were filtered with a 300 μm plankton net, and sediment samples (200 g) were dried in the oven first, then each sample was given NaCl to saturate the microplastic to use upward display. Each sample (1 ml) is placed in the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber to be examined under a microscope and calculated based on the type of particles found, namely fibers, film, fragments, and granules. The results showed that the abundance of microplastic in Untung Jawa Island was higher at 99,88 ± 1,79 particles L-1 in water, 110.737,77 ± 4.197,61 Kg-1 particles in sediment, and 2.175,55 ± 584,26 Ind-1 particles in the digestive tract of sea urchins. On Tidung Island microplastic abundance contained in the water amounted to 87,4 ± 9,61 particles L-1, the sediment of 87.626,66 ± 4.957,00 particles Kg-1, and in the digestive tract of sea urchins amounted to 1.786,66 ± 451, 17 particles Ind-1. There is a positive correlation between the amount of microplastics and sediment weight contained in the digestive tract of sea urchins on Untung Jawa Island, and there is no positive correlation between the number of microplastics with the sediment weight contained in the digestive tract of sea urchins on Tidung Island."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan lokasi, jenis, dan kisaran ukuran mikroplastik yang terdapat pada insang kerang hijau Perna viridis. Penelitian ini melanjutkan hasil penelitian Fathonia (2017) mengenai kelimpahan mikroplastik pada kerang hijau dari kolam kerang hijau Kamal Muara, Jakarta Utara. Sampel kerang hijau sebanyak 10 ekor dengan ukuran sekitar 7cm. Insang kerang hijau kemudian diisolasi, baik bagian luar maupun bagian dalam dan dibuat preparat. Preparat insang tersebut kemudian ditandai pada bagian-bagian insang yang dibagi menjadi bagian posterior, anterior, proksimal, dan distal. Preparat kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop optik cahaya. Partikel mikroplastik yang diamati dicatat posisi dan jenis mikroplastik yang ada di insang kemudian diukur menggunakan aplikasi LAZ EZ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagian distal mengandung lebih banyak mikroplastik daripada bagian proksimal. Kelompok mikroplastik yang dominan terdapat pada insang kerang hijau adalah jenis serat sebanyak 44% dari total jumlah partikel yang ditemukan. Kisaran ukuran mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah 20-4500 m.

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This study aims to describe the location, type, and size range of microplastics found in the gills of the green mussel Perna viridis. This study continues the results of Fathonia's research (2017) regarding the abundance of microplastics in green mussels from the green mussel pond of Kamal Muara, North Jakarta. Samples of green mussels as many as 10 tails with a size of about 7cm. The green mussel gills were then isolated, both externally and internally and made preparations. The gill preparations were then marked on the parts of the gills which were divided into posterior, anterior, proximal, and distal parts. The preparations were then observed under a light optical microscope. The observed microplastic particles were recorded and the position and type of microplastic present in the gills were then measured using the LAZ EZ application. The results showed that the distal part contained more microplastics than the proximal part. The dominant group of microplastics found in the gills of green mussels is the type of fiber as much as 44% of the total number of particles found. The size range of microplastics found is 20-4500 m."

"Situ Gede rentan terkena cemaran organik dan anorganik. Hal tersebut dikarenakan lahan di sekitar Situ Gede dijadikan pemukiman penduduk, tempat makan, dan tempat pemancingan ikan yang berdampak pada organisme perairan, khususnya fitoplankton. Keberadaan fitoplankton di perairan Situ Gede selain dipengaruhi dari masukan cemaran juga dipengaruhi secara tidak langsung oleh musim. Musim yang berbeda memiliki curah hujan berbeda, yang memengaruhi pengenceran dan pemekatan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kualitas perairan Situ Gede, Bogor, pada musim peralihan 1 (April 2019) dan musim peralihan 2 (Oktober 2019) menggunakan struktur komunitas fitoplankton. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan secara horizontal dan vertikal. Berdasarkan struktur komunitas fitoplankton, musim peralihan 1 dan musim peralihan 2 secara umum tergolong tercemar sedang. Kelimpahan fitoplankton tertinggi terdapat pada musim peralihan 2, yakni sebanyak 1912 sel/L. Indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton pada musim peralihan 1 dan musim peralihan 2 bernilai 1,98 dan 1,68. Indeks kemeratan fitoplankton pada musim peralihan 1 dan musim peralihan 2 masing-masing bernilai 0,54 dan 0,50. Genus yang paling mendominasi pada kedua musim tersebut adalah Microcystis, dengan persentase masing-masing 51,17% dan 53,7%. Curah hujan pada musim peralihan 1 sebesar 670,8 mm, sedangkan curah hujan pada musim peralihan 2 sebesar 381,9 mm.Situ Gede is susceptible to organic and inorganic contamination, because the area around Situ Gede is made into a residential area, eating area, and a place for fishing that impacts on aquatic organisms, especially phytoplankton. The presence of phytoplankton in Situ Gede waters is not only influenced by the pollutant, but also indirectly affected by season. Different seasons have different rainfall, which affects water dilution and concentration. This study aims to assess the water quality of Situ Gede, Bogor, in transition season 1 (April 2019) and the transition season 2 (October 2019) using phytoplankton community structure. Phytoplankton was sampled horizontally and vertically. Based on phytoplankton community structure, Situ Gede water in transition 1 and transition season 2 are generally classified as moderately polluted. The highest abundance of phytoplankton is in transition season 2 (1912 cells / L). Phytoplankton diversity indices in transition season 1 and transition season 2 is 1,98 and 1.68, respectively. Phytoplankton evenness indices in transition season 1 & transition season 2 is 0.54 and 0.50, respectively. The most dominant genus in both seasons was Microcystis, with percentages respectively 51.17% and 53.7%. Rainfall in transition 1 is 670.8 mm, while rainfall in transition 2 is 381.9 mm."

"Upaya mitigasi efek gas rumah kaca telah dilakukan dengan berbagai cara dan pendekatan, salah satunya adalah dengan mengetahui kadar karbon pada cangkang dan tubuh gastropoda mangrove serta faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Pulau Rambut dan Pulau Pari dengan mengambil sampel gastropoda Terebralia sulcata serta mengukur parameter lingkungan (suhu udara, pH tanah, salinitas air, dan karbon sedimen). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar karbon cangkang dan tubuh T. sulcata di kedua pulau serta pengaruh lingkungan yang menyebabkan perbedaan hasil tersebut. Metode dalam mendapatkan nilai karbon pada tubuh T. sulcata dan sedimen dilakukan dengan pengabuan, sedangkan kadar karbon cangkang T. sulcata dilakukan dengan pengasaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar karbon (%C) cangkang di Pulau Rambut (10,08 ± 0,32) dengan Pulau Pari (10,16 ± 0,90). Sebaliknya, terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kadar karbon (%C) tubuh di Pulau Rambut (33,66 ± 1,86) dengan Pulau Pari (19,88 ± 1,38). Kadar karbon sedimen dapat menjadi pengaruh kadar karbon tubuh T. sulcata dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,492 di Pulau Rambut.

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Mitigation efforts to reduce greenhouse gas effects have been conducted using various approaches, including assessing carbon levels in the shells and bodies of mangrove gastropods, along with the environmental factors that influence them. Research was conducted on Rambut Island and Pari Island, where Terebralia sulcata gastropods were sampled, and environmental parameters (air temperature, soil pH, water salinity, and sediment carbon) were measured. The study aimed to identify differences in carbon levels in T. sulcata shells and bodies between the two islands and determine the environmental factors contributing to these variations. Carbon levels in the gastropod bodies and sediments were measured through combustion, while acidification was used for shell carbon assessment. Results showed no significant difference in shell carbon (%C) between Rambut Island (10.08 ± 0.32) and Pari Island (10.16 ± 0.90). However, a significant difference was observed in body carbon (%C) between Rambut Island (33.66 ± 1.86) and Pari Island (19.88 ± 1.38). The sediment carbon content can influence the carbon content of T. sulcata's body with a correlation value of 0.492 on Pulau Rambut Island."

"Increased plastic waste in the environment, particularly in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, has the potential to affect the abundance of microplastics in the surrounding waters. Microplastics, which are very small in size (<5mm), can be accidentally ingested by marine organisms such as Terebralia palustris and have negative effects on marine life, the environment, and humans. This study aims to analyze the comparison of microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, in 2022 and 2023, as well as to determine the correlation between microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment. Twenty samples of T.palustris and sediment were collected at four stations in 2022 and 2023. The body tissue of T.palustris was separated from its shell, then dissolved with HNO3 and added to saturated NaCl. Sediment samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. Microplastic abundance was observed and calculated using a Sedgwick Rafter Chamber under a microscope. Four forms of microplastics were observed in the T. palustris and sediment samples, namely fibers, fragments, films, and granules. The results showed an increase in microplastic abundance from 2022 to 2023. In 2022, the microplastic abundance was 363,592 ± 11,511 particles/g in T. palustris and 66,69 ± 7,638 particles/g in sediment, while in 2023, it reached 406,574 ± 6,154 particles/g in T. palustris and 79,7 ± 12,992 particles/g in sediment. From 2022 to 2023, the abundance of microplastic in T.palustris (particle/g) increased by 5%, T.palustris (particle/individual) increased by 37%, and sediment by 19%. There is a positive correlation between the microplastic abundance of T.palustris and sediment, with value of 0,768 obtained from the Spearman correlation test.Increased plastic waste in the environment, particularly in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, has the potential to affect the abundance of microplastics in the surrounding waters. Microplastics, which are very small in size (<5mm), can be accidentally ingested by marine organisms such as Terebralia palustris and have negative effects on marine life, the environment, and humans. This study aims to analyze the comparison of microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, in 2022 and 2023, as well as to determine the correlation between microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment. Twenty samples of T.palustris and sediment were collected at four stations in 2022 and 2023. The body tissue of T.palustris was separated from its shell, then dissolved with HNO3 and added to saturated NaCl. Sediment samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. Microplastic abundance was observed and calculated using a Sedgwick Rafter Chamber under a microscope. Four forms of microplastics were observed in the T. palustris and sediment samples, namely fibers, fragments, films, and granules. The results showed an increase in microplastic abundance from 2022 to 2023. In 2022, the microplastic abundance was 363,592 ± 11,511 particles/g in T. palustris and 66,69 ± 7,638 particles/g in sediment, while in 2023, it reached 406,574 ± 6,154 particles/g in T. palustris and 79,7 ± 12,992 particles/g in sediment. From 2022 to 2023, the abundance of microplastic in T.palustris (particle/g) increased by 5%, T.palustris (particle/individual) increased by 37%, and sediment by 19%. There is a positive correlation between the microplastic abundance of T.palustris and sediment, with value of 0,768 obtained from the Spearman correlation test.

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Increased plastic waste in the environment, particularly in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, has the potential to affect the abundance of microplastics in the surrounding waters. Microplastics, which are very small in size (<5mm), can be accidentally ingested by marine organisms such as Terebralia palustris and have negative effects on marine life, the environment, and humans. This study aims to analyze the comparison of microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, in 2022 and 2023, as well as to determine the correlation between microplastic abundance in T.palustris and sediment. Twenty samples of T.palustris and sediment were collected at four stations in 2022 and 2023. The body tissue of T.palustris was separated from its shell, then dissolved with HNO3 and added to saturated NaCl. Sediment samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. Microplastic abundance was observed and calculated using a Sedgwick Rafter Chamber under a microscope. Four forms of microplastics were observed in the T. palustris and sediment samples, namely fibers, fragments, films, and granules. The results showed an increase in microplastic abundance from 2022 to 2023. In 2022, the microplastic abundance was 363,592 ± 11,511 particles/g in T. palustris and 66,69 ± 7,638 particles/g in sediment, while in 2023, it reached 406,574 ± 6,154 particles/g in T. palustris and 79,7 ± 12,992 particles/g in sediment. From 2022 to 2023, the abundance of microplastic in T.palustris (particle/g) increased by 5%, T.palustris (particle/individual) increased by 37%, and sediment by 19%. There is a positive correlation between the microplastic abundance of T.palustris and sediment, with value of 0,768 obtained from the Spearman correlation test."

"Tingkat curah hujan menyebabkan fluktuasi faktor abiotik dalam ekosistem mangrove yang berdampak terhadap ekosistem mangrove. Kualitas ekosistem mangrove memengaruhi struktur komunitas Gastropoda, terutama di Pulau Rambut pada tahun 2022 dan 2023. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur komunitas Gastropoda (kepadatan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dominansi, dispersi, dan kesamaan jenis) dan faktor abiotik di Pulau Rambut. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan lain, yaitu menganalisis perbandingan struktur komunitas Gastropoda di Pulau Rambut pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 akibat musim hujan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan line transect dengan kuadrat dalam empat stasiun yang diikuti pengukuran parameter lingkungan (suhu udara, salinitas air, dan pH tanah). Sampel Gastropoda diketahui melalui identifikasi dan dianalisis menggunakan kepadatan, indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, indeks kemerataan, indeks dominansi Simpson, indeks dispersi, dan indeks kesamaan Jaccard. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan hanya tiga jenis Gastropoda dari famili Potamididae (Terebralia sulcata, Terebralia palustris, dan Telescopium telescopium) di Pulau Rambut pada tahun 2022 dan 2023. Kepadatan Gastropoda didapatkan sebesar 24,9 ind/m2 dan 16,6 ind/m2. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis Gastropoda diperoleh sebesar 0,800 dan 0,765 yang tergolong rendah. Indeks kemerataan jenis Gastropoda didapatkan sebesar 0,728 dan 0,696 yang tergolong kemerataan merata. Tingkat dominansi diketahui terdapat spesies yang mendominansi. Pola persebaran di Pulau Rambut menunjukkan pola persebaran mengelompok dan seragam. Indeks kesamaan Jaccard menunjukkan semua stasiun mempunyai kesamaan komposisi jenis pada tahun 2022, sedangkan indeks kesamaan Jacaard pada tahun 2023 menunjukkan stasiun Barat mempunyai komposisi jenis yang berbeda. Korelasi kepadatan Gastropoda dan parameter lingkungan pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan kecuali suhu pada tahun 2022. Perbandingan kepadatan Gastropoda pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 memperlihatkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan, sedangkan perbandingan tipe sedimen lumpur pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan.

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The level of rainfall causes fluctuations in abiotic factors in the mangrove ecosystem which have an impact in the mangrove ecosystem. The quality of the mangrove ecosystem affects the structure of the Gastropods community, especially at the Pulau Rambut in 2022 and 2023. The research aimed to analyze the structure of the Gastropods community (density, diversity, evenness, dominance, dispersion, and species similarity) and abiotic factors in Rambut Island. This research had another objective, which analyzed a comparison of the Gastropods community structure on Rambut Island in 2022 and 2023 due to the rainy season. Sampling was carried out using a line transect with quadrate in four stations followed by measurements of environmental parameters (air temperature, water salinity, and soil pH). Gastropods samples were identified through identification and analysis using density, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, Simpson dominance index, dispersion index, and Jaccard similarity index. The results showed three types of Gastropods from Potamididae family (Terebralia sulcata, Terebralia palustris, and Telescopium telescopium) on Rambut Island in 2022 and 2023. Gastropods densities were 24.9 ind/m2 and 16.6 ind/m2. Gastropods species diversity index was obtained at 0.800 and 0.765 which were classified as low. Gastropods species evenness index was found to be 0.728 and 0.696 which were classified as even. The level of dominance was known to have a dominant species. The distribution pattern on Pulau Rambut showed a clustered and uniform distribution pattern. The Jaccard similarity index in 2022 showed that all stations had same species composition but the Jaccard similarity index in 2023 showed that the West stations had difference species composition. Correlation between Gastropods density and environmental parameters in 2022 dan 2023 showed no relationship except for temperature in 2022. Gastropods density comparison in 2022 and 2023 showed no significant difference, while mud sediment type comparison in 2022 and 2023 showed a significant difference."

"Pulau Tidung merupakan bagian dari Kepulauan Seribu yang paling banyak dikunjungi oleh wisatawan sehingga masyarakat memiliki intensitas kegiatan yang tinggi. Semenjak berakhirnya pandemi covid-19 pada tahun 2023, aktivitas masyarakat yang sebelumnya sangat dibatasi kembali menjadi normal. Perbedaan intensitas kegiatan masyarakat pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 dikhawatirkan mempengaruhi struktur komunitas bivalvia pada area padang lamun Pulau Tidung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan struktur komunitas bivalvia serta korelasi bivalvia dengan partikel sedimen dan karbon organik pada ekosistem padang lamun di pesisir Pulau Tidung bulan Maret 2022 dengan bulan Maret 2023. Bivalvia dapat dijadikan bioindikator perairan. Pengambilan data bivalvia dilakukan dengan metode menggunakan kuadran dan transek 1 x 1 m. Dari hasil penelitian, pada tahun 2022 ditemukan 10 famili, 18 spesies dan 111 individu bivalvia dan pada tahun 2023 ditemukan 11 famili, 25 spesies, 207 individu. Struktur komunitas antara tahun 2022 dan 2023 tidak mengalami perbedaan yang jauh. Nilai rata-rata indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wienner pada tahun 2022 yaitu 2,04 dan tahun 2023 yaitu 2,70. Nilai indeks kemerataan tahun 2022 dan 2023 kurang stabil dengan nilai 0,61 dan 0,69. Tetapi, nilai dominansi yang didapat juga rendah yaitu pada tahun 2022 0,11 dan 0,15 pada tahun 2023. Ditinjau dari nilai distribusinya, kelompok spesies lebih banyak berdistribusi secara seragam dan berkelompok. Hanya satu spesies yang berdistribusi secara acak. Similaritas antar tahun bernilai 0,61 dan termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Sebagai hewan filter feeder, sedimen merupakan tempat bivalvia hidup dan mencari makan. Kepulauan seribu didominansi oleh sedimen lumpur yang didalamnya termasuk fine sand, slit, dan clay. Ketika dikorelasikan antara kepadatan bivalvia dengan komposisi sedimen lumpur, hasil yang didapat yaitu 0,62 pada tahun 2022 dan 0,80 pada tahun 2023. Tetapi, ketika dikorelasikan antara kepadatan bivalvia dengan persentase karbon organik, hasil yang didapat pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 yaitu kepadatan bivalvia tidak berkolerasi dengan komposisi sedimen. Faktor lingkungan Pulau Tidung seperti suhu, pH, salinitas, arus, dan kedalaman juga masih toleran untuk kehidupan komunitas bivalvia. Hanya saja pada tahun 2023 terjadi penurunan pH dan salinitas dikarenakan curah hujan yang tinggi.

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Tidung Island is part of the Thousand Islands which is the most visited by tourists so the community has a high activity intensity. Since the end of the covid-19 pandemic in 2023, community activities that were previously very limited have returned to normal. The difference in the intensity of community activities in 2022 and 2023 is feared to affect the structure of the bivalve community in the seagrass meadow area of Tidung Island. This study aims to analyze the comparison of bivalve community structure and the correlation of bivalves with sediment particles and organic carbon in seagrass ecosystems on the coast of Tidung Island in March 2022 and March 2023. Bivalves are filter feeders and can be used as aquatic bioindicators. Data collection for bivalves was carried out using a 1 x 1 m quadrant and transect method. From the research results in 2022, 10 families, 18 species, and 111 individuals of bivalves were found and in 2023 found 11 families, 25 species, and 207 individuals. The community structure between 2022 and 2023 will not experience much difference. The average value of the Shannon-Wienner diversity index in 2022 is 2.04 and in 2023 is 2.70. The evenness index values in 2022 and 2023 are less stable with values of 0.61 and 0.69. However, the dominance values obtained are also low, namely in 2022 0.11 and 0.15 in 2023. Judging from the value of the distribution, the species group is distributed more uniformly and in groups. Only one species is randomly distributed. The similarity between 2022 and 2023 is 0.61 and included in the high category. As filter feeder animals, sediment is a place for bivalves to live and as feeding ground. The Thousand Islands are dominated by silt sediments which include fine sand, slit, and clay. When the bivalve density is correlated with the composition of silt sediments, the results obtained are 0.62 in 2022 and 0.80 in 2023. However, when the bivalve density is correlated with the percentage of organic carbon, the results obtained in 2022 and 2023 are the density of bivalves are not correlated with sediment composition. Environmental factors on Tidung Island such as temperature, pH, salinity, currents, and depth are also tolerant for bivalve community life. But, in 2023 pH and salinity decreased due to high rainfall.

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"Peningkatan timbulan sampah dan perbedaan curah hujan memengaruhi akumulasi mikroplastik dari sungai ke laut. Mikroplastik terdistribusi dan tersebar ke seluruh ekosistem laut, termasuk hutan mangrove. Mikroplastik yang memasuki hutan mangrove terperangkap oleh akar mangrove dan terakumulasi di sedimen. Mikroplastik di sedimen hutan mangrove dapat dengan mudah termakan oleh biota deposit-feeder, seperti siput mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tubuh siput Terebralia sulcata dan sedimen di hutan mangrove Pulau Rambut, Teluk Jakarta, DKI Jakarta tahun 2022 dan 2023 serta untuk menganalisis korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di sedimen dengan kelimpahan mikroplastik di tubuh siput T. sulcata. Sebanyak 20 sampel T. sulcata dan sedimen diambil di empat stasiun di tahun 2022 dan 2023. Jaringan tubuh T. sulcata dilarutkan dengan HNO3 65% dan diencerkan dengan NaCl jenuh. Sampel sedimen dikeringkan menggunakan oven kemudian 10 g sedimen kering diencerkan dengan larutan NaCl jenuh. Sebanyak 20 mL dari masing-masing sampel dihomogenkan dan diamati di bawah mikroskop dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya partikel mikroplastik pada siput T. sulcata dengan kelimpahan sebesar 305,53±64,58 partikel/g pada tahun 2022 dan 324,48±60,91 partikel/g pada tahun 2023. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen didapatkan sebesar 66,53±10,69 partikel/g pada tahun 2022 dan 71,77±11,31 partikel/g pada tahun 2023. Dari tahun 2022 ke tahun 2023, kelimpahan mikroplastik mengalami peningkatan sebesar 7,87% pada siput T. sulcata dan 6,2% pada sedimen. Bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada sampel siput dan sedimen adalah fiber, fragmen, film, dan granul dengan bentuk yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah fiber. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di sedimen dan kelimpahan mikroplastik di T. sulcata.

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The increase in the amount of waste and differences in rainfall affect the accumulation of microplastics from rivers to the sea. Microplastics distributed and spread throughout marine ecosystems, including mangrove forests. Microplastics that enter mangrove forests trapped by mangrove roots and accumulate in sediments. Microplastics in mangrove forest sediments can be easily ingested by deposit-feeder biota, such as mangrove snails. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the abundance of microplastics in Terebralia sulcata and sediment in the mangrove forest of Pulau Rambut, Jakarta Bay, DKI Jakarta in 2022 and 2023 and to analyze the correlation between the abundance of microplastics in sediment and T. sulcata. 20 samples of T. sulcata sediment were collected at four stations in 2022 and 2022. The body tissue of T. sulcata were dissolved with 65% HNO3 and then diluted with saturated NaCl. Sediment samples were dried using an oven then 10 g of dry sediment was diluted with saturated NaCl. A total of 20 mL of each sample was homogenized and observed under a microscope with three repetitions. The results of the study found the presence of microplastic particles in T. sulcata with an abundance was 305.53±64.58 particles/g in 2022 and 324.48±60.91 particles/g in 2023. The abundance of microplastics in sediments was 66.53±10.69 particles/g in 2022 and 71.767±11.31 particles/g in 2023. From 2022 to 2023, the abundance of microplastics increased by 7.87% in T. sulcata and 6.2% in sediment. The forms of microplastics found in T. sulcata and sediment samples were fiber, fragments, films and granules with the most commonly found form was fiber. The results of the Spearman correlation test in this study showed a positive correlation between the abundance of microplastics in the sediment and in T. sulcata."

"Penelitian mikroplastik pada produsen utama di laut seperti makroalga  dan lamun menjadi perhatian selama beberapa tahun terakhir karena kemampuannya untuk masuk ke dalam jejaring makanan di laut. Namun, penelitian mengenai ekstraksi mikroplastik pada makroalga belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengadukan terhadap pengurangan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada Padina minor (Yamada 1925). Mikroplastik pada permukaan makroalga diluruhkan dengan magnetic stirrer pada waktu 0, 5, 10, dan 15 menit. Mikroplastik yang tersisa setelah perlakuan pengadukan dihitungan dengan melarutkan jaringan makroalga dengan menggunakan basa kuat Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH 6M). Pengurangan kelimpahan mikroplastik terjadi pada pengadukan selama 5 menit sebesar 46,36±5,22%, pengadukan selama 10 menit sebesar 56,70±5,34%, dan pengadukan selama 15 menit sebesar 73,81±4,55%. Mikroplastik yang masih melekat pada pengadukan selama 5 menit sebesar 53,62±5,22%, pengadukan selama 10 menit sebesar 43,29±5,34%, dan pengadukan selama 15 menit sebesar 26,18±4,55. Mikroplastik jenis fiber, fragmen, dan film ditemukan pada makroalga P. minor. Warna mikroplastik yang ditemukan meliputi biru, hitam, dan transparan. Berdasarkan ukurannya, mikroplastik yang ditemukan berkisar antara 19-3492,09 μm. Rata-rata ukuran mikroplastik terpanjang diperoleh oleh jenis fiber diikuti dengan film, dan fragmen. Kelimpahan mikroplastik berkurang seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu pengadukan. Waktu pengadukan selama 15 menit memberikan hasil pengurangan kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi dibandingkan waktu pengadukan lainnya.

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Research on microplastics in major marine producers such as macroalgae and seagrasses has received considerable attention in recent years because of their ability to enter the marine food web. However, research on the extraction of microplastics in macroalgae has not been widely carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of stirring on reducing the abundance of microplastics in Padina minor (Yamada 1925). Microplastics on the surface of macroalgae were removed with a magnetic stirrer at 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Microplastic remaining after stirring treatment was calculated by dissolving macroalgae tissue using a strong base of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH 6M). Microplastics reduction occurred from stirring for minutes by 46.36±5.22%, stirring for 10 minutes by 56.70±5.34%, and stirring for 15 minutes by 73.81±4.55%. The microplastics that were still attached to 5 minutes of stirring were 53.62±5.22%, 43.29±5.34% stirring for 10 minutes, and 26.18±4.55% stirring for 15 minutes. Microplastic fibers, fragments, and films were found in P. minor macroalgae. The colors of the microplastics found included blue, black, and transparent. Based on their size, the microplastics found ranged from 19-3492.09 μm. The average size of the longest microplastic was obtained by the type of fiber followed by film, and fragments. The abundance of microplastics decreased with increasing stirring time. The stirring time for 15 minutes gave the highest reduction in microplastic abundance compared to other stirring times."