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"Streptococcus pneumoniae merupakan salah satu bakteri Gram-Positif penyebab penyakit pneumonia. S. pneumoniae hidup di dalam rongga nasofaring manusia. Pada individu yang sehat, S. pneumoniae tidak akan menyebabkan suatu gejala. Namun, pada individu yang rentan seperti orang tua, penderita imunodefisiensi, dan anak-anak, bakteri tersebut dapat menjadi patogen serta dapat menyebar ke lokasi lain dan menyebabkan gejala seperti penyakit Pneumonia.Vaksin sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut sehingga dapat mencegah infeksi bakteri S. pneumoniae penyebab penyakit pneumonia pada individu. Pada penelitian ini digunakan antigen potensial terhadap vaksin pneumonia berupa pneumolysin. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model vaksin terbaru pada bakteri S. pneumoniae penyebab pneumonia menggunakan pneumolysin dan pendekatan bioinformatika sehingga pencegahan terhadap pneumonia dapat diatasi secara tepat dan efisien. Pada penelitian ini digunakan beberapa metode seperti uji physicochemical, prediksi epitop, seleksi epitop, serta molecular docking. Dari hasil percobaan didapatkan bahwa epitop Pep 6 dari sekuens pneumolysin yang berikatan dengan reseptor 5IFH dengan nilai global energy -48.68 kcal/mol merupakan kandidat terbaik untuk vaksin pneumonia karena memiliki nilai global energy yang paling rendah diantara kandidat B Cell epitope lainnya.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the Gram-positive bacteria that causes pneumonia. S. pneumoniae lives in the human nasopharyngeal cavity. In healthy individuals, S. pneumoniae will not cause any symptoms. However, in susceptible individuals such as the elderly, immunodeficient patients, and children, these bacteria can become pathogenic and can spread to other locations and cause symptoms such as pneumonia. Vaccines are urgently needed to overcome these problems so that they can prevent S. pneumoniae infection which causes pneumonia in individuals. In this study, a potential antigen against pneumonia vaccine in the form of pneumolysin was used. The purpose of this research is to develop a new vaccine model for the bacterium S. pneumoniae that causes pneumonia using pneumolysin and a bioinformatics approach so that pneumonia prevention can be handled appropriately and efficiently. In this study, several methods were used, such as physicochemical test, epitope prediction, epitope selection, and molecular docking. From the experimental results, it was found that the Pep 6 epitope from the pneumolysin sequence that binds to the 5IFH receptor with a global energy value of -48.68 kcal/mol is the best candidate for pneumonia vaccine because it has the lowest global energy value among other B cell epitope candidates."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Efikasi vaksin influenza pada populasi usia lanjut masihmenjadi perdebatan. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan penurunan seroproteksi yanglebih cepat pada usia lanjut. Belum ada studi hubungan seroproteksi denganinfluenza-like illness pada usia lanjutTujuan: Mengetahui hubungan status vaksinasi dengan seroproteksi bulanpertama dan mengetahui hubungan antara seroproteksi bulan pertama dengankejadian influenza-like illness selama 6 bulan pasca-vaksinasi pada usia lanjut.Metode: Studi kohort ambispektif ini menggunakan data penelitian induk dengansubjek usia lanjut ≥ 60 tahun yang tinggal di komunitas Posyandu lansia wilayahJakarta Timur, dan data primer dalam periode Desember 2015-Maret 2016.Vaksinasi Influenza yang dievaluasi adalah vaksin influenza trivalen inaktif.Seroproteksi didefinisikan sebagai titer Hemagglutinin Inhibition ≥ 1:40.Influenza-like Illness sesuai kriteria WHO adalah infeksi pernapasan akut yangditandai oleh demam (suhu ≥380C) dan batuk.Hasil: Terdapat 265 subjek pada penelitian ini, terdiri dari 133 subjek padakelompok vaksinasi dan 132 subjek pada kelompok tidak vaksinasi. Proporsiseroproteksi pasca-vaksinasi pada bulan pertama, keempat, dan keenam adalah92,5%; 83,5%; dan 74,4%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan vaksinasimeningkatkan risiko terjadinya seroproteksi pada bulan pertama (RR 3,48,; IK95% 2,61-4,65). Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara seroproteksi bulanpertama dengan insidens ILI selama 6 bulan pasca-vaksinasi (RR 0,325 IK 95%0,04-2,641). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan OR seroproteksi setelahpenyesuaian adalah 60,429 (IK 95% 25,323-144,206) dengan titer HemagglutininInhibition ≥ 1:40 pra-vaksinasi sebagai variabel perancu.Simpulan: Proporsi seroproteksi pasca-vaksinasi pada bulan pertama, keempat,dan keenam adalah 92,5%; 83,5%; 74,4%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antarastatus vaksinasi dengan seroproteksi. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antaraseroproteksi bulan pertama dengan insidens influenza-like illness selama 6 bulanpasca-vaksinasi

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ABSTRACTBackground: The efficacy of influenza vaccines in the elderly is still beingdebated. Previous studies showed a faster decline of antibody titers in the elderly.The relationship between seroprotection with influenza-like illness in the elderlyhas not been established.Objective: To determine the relationship between vaccination status withseroprotection and to determine the relationship between first monthseroprotection with the incidence of influenza-like illness 6 months postvaccinationin the elderly.Methods: An ambispective cohort study was conducted using secondary data fromthe parent study of elderly subjects age ≥ 60 years who live in the community ofPosyandu lansia in East Jakarta, and primary data taken from December 2015 toMarch 2016. The influenza vaccine evaluated was the Trivalent InactivatedVaccine 2014/2015. Seroprotection defined as Hemagglutinin Inhibition titer ≥1:40. Influenza-like Illness according to WHO criteria is an acute respiratoryinfection characterized by fever (temperature ≥380 C) and cough.Results: There were 265 subjects in this study consisting of 133 subjects in thevaccine group and 132 subjects in the unvaccinated group. The proportion ofpost-vaccination seroprotection in the first, fourth, and sixth month was 92.5%;83.5%; and 74.4%. Bivariate analysis showed vaccination increases the risk ofseroprotection (RR 3.48 CI95% 2.61 to 4.65). Seroprotection achieved in the firstmonth showed no statistical significance to the risk of ILI incidence 6 monthsafter vaccination (RR 0.325 95% CI 0.04 to 2.641). Multivariate analysis showedadjusted OR for seroprotection is 60.429 (CI 95% from 25.323 to 144.206) withpre-vaccination Hemagglutinin Inhibition titer of ≥ 1:40 as the confoundingvariable"

"ABSTRAKApoteker sebagai tenaga kesehatan memiliki peran serta fungsi di Suku Dinas Kesehatan. Peranan apoteker di Suku Dinas Kesehatan berkaitan dengan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan aplikasi cara perizinan serta pembinaan, pengawasan dan pengendalian pelayanan kesehatan serta sarana kefarmasian. Praktek kerja profesi yang dilaksanakan memiliki tujuan agar calon apoteker dapat memahami peran, tugas, serta tanggung jawab Apoteker di Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur. Tugas khusus yang diberikan berjudul ldquo;Analisis Laporan Distribusi Obat Program dan Vaksin di Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur Periode Januari-Desember 2017 rdquo;. Tujuan dari penyusunan tugas khusus ini adalah untuk mengetahui alur pengelolaan logistik dari vaksin dan obat program serta mengetahui jenis, jumlah dan persentase pendistirbusian vaksin dan obat program ke fasilitas kesehatan di wilayah Jakarta Timur periode bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2017.

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ABSTRACTPharmacists as health workers have a role and function in the City Health Department Administration in East Jakarta. The role of pharmacists in the City Health Department is related to the knowledge, understanding, and application of licensing and guidance, supervision and control of health services and pharmaceutical facilities. The work practice of the profession has a purpose so that the pharmacist candidate can understand the role, duty, and responsibility of the pharmacist in City Health Department Administration. The special assignment is entitled Analysis of Drug Program and Vaccine Distribution Reports in City Health Department Administration in East Jakarta for the Period of January-December 2017 . The purpose of this special assignment is to know the logistics management flow of the vaccine and drug program and to know the type, number, and percentage of vaccine distribution and drug program to the health facility in East Jakarta area from January to December 2017."

"Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker Universitas Indonesia dilaksanakan di salah satu instansi pemerintahan pada bidang kesehatan, yaitu Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur Periode Bulan April tahun 2018. Adapun tujuan dari praktek kerja profesi di Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota adalah agar mahasiswa calon apoteker mampu memahami peranan, tugas dan tanggung jawab apoteker di suku dinas kesehatan kota administrasi Jakarta Timur, mampu memiliki pengetahuan tentang tugas pokok dan fungsi seksi sumber daya kesehatan, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan farmasi di Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur, memiliki wawasan, pengetahuan, keterlampilan dan pengalaman praktis dalam melakukan pekerjaan di Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur, dan memiliki gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan pekerjaan kefarmasian yang dapat muncul dalam Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Timur. Tugas khusus yang diberikan adalah rdquo;Persentase Biaya Vaksin yang Terdistribusi di Wilayah Jakarta Timur Periode Bulan April Tahun 2018 rdquo;. Tujuannya adalah mengkaji persentase biaya vaksin yang terdistribusi di wilayah Jakarta Timur periode bulan April 2018.

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Apothecary Internship in the government bureau in the health sector, one of which was East Jakarta Sub Department for Health. The purpose was to assist students as a future pharmacist to understand roles, duties and responsibilities, able to have knowledge about the main duty and function of health resources section, specially related to pharmacy at East Jakarta Health Department, to gain insight, knowledge, skill and experience to perform pharmaceutical duties in the East Jakarta Sub Department for Health, and to apprehend real pharmaceutical related problems especially as a pharmacist in the East Jakarta Sub Department for Health. The internship was conducted for two weeks with special assignment titled Percentage of the Cost of Distributed Vaccines in East Jakarta Period April 2018 . The objective is to assess the percentage of vaccine cost distributed in East Jakarta for the period of April 2018. "

"Vaksin merupakan unsur biologis yang memiliki karakteristik khusus dan sensitif terhadap temperatur, vaksin rentan mengalami penurunan mutu dan efektivitas apabila terpapar oleh temperatur yang tidak sesuai dengan karakteristik temperatur penyimpanan yang telah dipersyaratkan. Upaya dalam menjaga mutu dan efektivitas vaksin tidak semata-mata hanya ditentukan dari cara vaksin diproduksi dengan baik dan benar, tetapi salah satu urgensi yang dapat menjadi titik kritis penentuan mutu dan efektivitas vaksin yaitu perlakuan selama proses pengelolaan. PBF berperan penting dalam mengelola vaksin mulai dari penerimaan, penyimpanan hingga pendistribusian vaksin ke berbagai fasilitas kesehatan. Sebelum vaksin didistribusikan, vaksin akan melalui proses penyimpanan pada alat berupa chiller. Selama proses penyimpanan, perlu dilakukan pemantauan suhu vaksin secara berkala. Pemantauan suhu secara berkala berkaitan erat dengan alat yang digunakan selama proses penyimpanan vaksin yaitu chiller. Penggunaan chiller sebagai alat penyimpanan vaksin harus melalui tahap validasi sesuai persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan yaitu dapat mempertahankan suhu penyimpanan antara 2-8°C. Hal ini bertujuan sebagai acuan standar operasional selama proses penyimpanan vaksin berlangsung. Melalui tugas khusus ini dapat diketahui bahwa chiller yang digunakan selama proses penyimpanan produk vaksin di PT. Kimia Farma Trading & Distribution Cabang Jakarta 1 telah valid dan mampu mempertahankan kestabilan suhu pada rentang 2-8°C selama jangka waktu ± 20 jam bahkan lebih apabila chiller dalam kondisi dinyalakan.

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Vaccines are biological elements that have special characteristics and are sensitive to temperature, vaccines are prone to decreasing quality and effectiveness when exposed to temperatures that do not match the required storage temperature characteristics. Efforts to maintain vaccine quality and effectiveness are not solely determined by how vaccines are produced properly and correctly, but one of the urgency that can become a critical point in determining vaccine quality and effectiveness, namely treatment during the management process. PBF plays an important role in managing vaccines from receipt, storage to distribution of vaccines to various health facilities. Before the vaccine is distributed, the vaccine will go through a storage process in a chiller. During the storage process, it is necessary to periodically monitor the temperature of the vaccine. Periodic temperature monitoring is closely related to the equipment used during the vaccine storage process, namely the chiller. The use of a chiller as a vaccine storage device must go through a validation stage according to predetermined requirements, namely being able to maintain a storage temperature between 2-8°C. This is intended as a reference for operational standards during the vaccine storage process. Through this special assignment, it can be seen that the chiller used during the process of storing vaccine products at PT. Kimia Farma Trading & Distribution Jakarta Branch 1 is valid and able to maintain temperature stability in the range of 2-8°C for a period of ± 20 hours or more if the chiller is turned on."

"Development of novel vaccines gives an overview of the tasks in basic research leading to the final product, the vaccine and its applications, belonging to the most complex biologics in the pharmaceutical field. The current issue focuses on the translational aspect, namely, how research results can be transformed into life-saving medical interventions. "

"This textbook provides an easy-to-understand introduction to the complex topic of vaccine research and development. It gives a comprehensive though clearly arranged insight to the most important aspects of molecular vaccinology, leading from the basics in immunology, to design of vaccines and mode of action of vaccines to the actual formulation, manufacturing and registration of vaccines. The volume is therefore a valuable text about modern vaccinology for graduate students and a basic introduction for newcomers in vaccine design and development."

"Infeksi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) memiliki korelasi yang erat dengan insidensi kanker serviks. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan chimeric virus like particles (cVLP) sebagai kandidat vaksin untuk mencegah kanker serviks. cVLP dikembangkan dengan mensubstitusi epitop dari protein HPV-18 L1 dan HPV-52 L1 dengan protein HPV-16 L1. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan empat desain vaksin kimerik, yaitu ANN1, ANN2, HMM1, dan HMM2. Kajian ini akan menentukan efek dari modifikasi pos translasi. Berdasarkan kajian in silico, modifikasi pos translasi yang dominan adalah glikosilasi.

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Computational Study of Post Translation Modification in Chimeric Virus Like Particles Vaccine of Human Papilloma Virus with Virion Capsid L1. The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has a tight correlation with the incidence of cervical cancer. Chimeric virus like particles (cVLP) has been developed as vaccine candidate for preventing cervical cancer. cVLPs are improvement of Virus Like Particles (VLP) by substituting the epitope of L1 HPV -18 and -52 protein to L1 HPV -16 protein. They are ANN1, ANN2, HMM1, and HMM2. The impact of post translation modification will be determined. Based on In Silico study, the dominant post translation modification is glycosylation."

"Proper refrigeration for vaccine storage at the recommended temperature by manufacturers is vital. Most of vaccines should be kept between +2°C and +8°C. This study aimed to compare the capability of different attributes of refrigerators (types, purposes and years of utilization of refrigerator) in controlling temperature for vaccine storage. Data were collected from 155 health care facilities in Bangkok, Thailand. Computerized temperature data loggers, LogTag TRIX-8, were used to continuously monitor temperature. The result shows that different types of refrigerators had different capability, and the pharmaceutical refrigerator had the highest mean of capability at 96.61%; better than household two-door and one-door refrigerator, while the capability of household two-door and one-door refrigerator was not statistically different. The purpose and years of utilization group did not relate to the capability to control temperature. In conclusion, a pharmaceutical refrigerator is ideally recommended if possible. A household refrigerator with single purpose is acceptably used for vaccine storage. Regular maintenance and calibration will keep those refrigerators for sustainable capability in controlling the temperature. The findings can be useful as guidance for health care staff in decision making to choose the refrigerator as well as maintain it for vaccine storage."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan proses pengambilan keputusan keikutsertaan individu dalam vaksinasi COVID-19 yang dilatarbelakangi oleh pandangan tentang risiko COVID-19 dan tekanan struktural berupa kebijakan kewajiban penerimaan suntikan vaksin bagi masyarakat. Studi-studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa faktor internal berupa kepercayaan terhadap vaksin dan juga pandangan risiko kesehatan akibat paparan virus COVID-19, serta faktor eksternal berupa interaksi peer-to-peer dan ikatan sosial individu dalam komunitas, sebagai dua faktor yang bergerak secara terpisah dalam melatarbelakangi keputusan seseorang dalam melakukan vaksinasi. Peneliti berargumen bahwa terdapat keterkaitan antara faktor internal dan faktor eksternal sebagai dua hal yang bergerak secara beriringan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan keikutsertaan individu yang pada awalnya memutuskan menolak suntikan vaksin COVID-19. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa keputusan vaksin pada individu berubah ketika faktor internal berupa pandangan bahwa paparan virus COVID-19 tidak berbahaya bagi kondisi tubuh, diintervensi oleh faktor eksternal berupa tekanan kebijakan pemerintah yang mewajibkan penerimaan suntikan vaksin bagi masyarakat. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa faktor eksternal memiliki kekuatan yang lebih besar dalam mendorong keputusan individu untuk melakukan vaksin COVID-19 daripada faktor internal. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara mendalam kepada individu dari kelompok masyarakat umum yang pada awalnya menolak suntikan vaksin kemudian memutuskan untuk menerima suntikan vaksin COVID-19.

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This study aims to explain the decision-making process for individual participation in COVID-19 vaccination which is motivated by views about the risk of COVID-19 and structural pressures in the form of mandatory policies for receiving vaccine injections for the community. Previous studies have shown that internal factors in the form of trust in vaccines and also the view of health risks due to exposure to the COVID-19 virus, as well as external factors such as peer-to-peer interactions and social ties of individuals in the community, as two factors that move separately in the background. a person's decision to vaccinate. The researcher argues that there is a link between internal factors and external factors as two things that move hand in hand in the decision-making process for the participation of individuals who initially decided to refuse the COVID-19 vaccine injection. The results of this study indicate that vaccine decisions for individuals change when internal factors are the view that exposure to the COVID-19 virus is not harmful to body conditions, is intervened by external factors in the form of pressure from government policies that require the public to receive vaccine injections. This shows that external factors have greater power in driving individual decisions to take the COVID-19 vaccine than internal factors. This study uses a qualitative approach with primary data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with individuals who initially refused vaccine injections and then decided to receive COVID-19 vaccine injections."