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"Fisheries have an important and strategic role in the development of national economy, especially in promoting the expansion of employment opportunities, income generation, and the improvement of living standards of small fishermen, fish farmers and the parties entrepreneurs in the field of fisheries. The importance of the fisheries sector requires the preservation of the fisheries sector while maintaining the environment, sustainability, and availability of fish resources. Maritime country which has a large fishery resources often attract the attention of foreign fishing vessels to engage in fishing illegally (hereinafter referred to illegal fishing). Other factors that cause illegal fishing is the world's fish needs (demand) increased, on the other hand the world supply of fish is declining, as well as the occurrence of excess demand mainly of marine fish species such as tuna. Efforts to tackle illegal fishing is a matter that must be considered by a country. These measures should be set out clearly in the regulations of the country concerned. In fact the efforts taken between one country and another are differents. One example is the act of sinking foreign by the Indonesian government."

"Skipjack tuna is an important species targeting by pole and line fishery in Bone Bay. The distribution and abundance of this species tended to aggregate to the preferred bio-physical environments. To describe the short term relationship between skipjack tuna and oceanographic conditions and to visualize the predicted high catch areas, remotely sensed satellite based-oceanographic sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a together fisheries data were used. Results indicated that the highest skipjack CPUEs were mainly found in coastal areas of Palopo and Kolaka both in 2007 and in 2009 during the period of study. The high tuna concentrations corresponded well with chlorophyll-a of 0.15-0.40 mg mg-3 and SST of 29.0-31.5 °C. The preferred ranges provide a good indicator for initially detecting potential skipjack fishing grounds. This study suggested that thermal and chlorophyll fronts as well as upwelling may important mechanisms in explaining the temporal and spatial dynamics of skipjack tuna distribution and abundance in Bone Bay."

"Tesis ini menganalisa mengenai kebijakan laut Indonesia apakah sudah tewujud sebagai kebijakan yang seharusnya ada untuk sebuah negara kepulauan seperti Indonesia yang memiliki luas perairan 2/3 dari luas daratan sekitar 5.8 juta km², dengan garis pantai sepanjang 81.000 km². Dengan adanya keistimewaan posisi dan letak strategis Indonesia di tataran dunia, laut merupakan media yang paling banyak di gunakan dalam hal lintas ekonomi maupun kapal-kapal militer, serta rentan akan isu Non-Traditional Security lainnya. Akan tetapi Indonesia, belum mampu mengatur dan mengelola keistimewaan laut tersebut dalam menghadapi isu maritime security, dikarenakan law enforcement yang belum optimal dilaksanakan, sehingga dalam kelembagaan nasional terjadi overlapping dalam menjalankan fungsi dan tugas pokok yang saling berbenturan (dijalankan secara sektoral), serta banyaknya kepentingan antar negara di wilayah Asia Tenggara dalam mengahadapi isu kelautan. Dengan demikian adanya kelemahan tersebut, Indonesia belum menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara maritim yang seutuhnya dan tidak terealisasinya kebijakan laut Indonesia yang akan membawa perubahan pada pembangunan ekonomi dan pertahanan keamanan di laut. Maka, strategi keamanan maritim yang kuat tidak dapat terwujud secara kuat dan normatif.

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This thesis analyzes about the ocean policy of Indonesia is already exist as a policy should be abide for an archipelagic state like Indonesia which has an area of water 2/3 of the land area about 5.8 million km², with a coastline 81,000 km². With the features and location of Indonesia's strategic position at the world level, the sea is the most widely used in cross-economically and military ships, as well as vulnerable to issues Non-Traditional Security. Indonesia, however, have not been able to organize and manage the marine privilege in the face of maritime security issues, because law enforcement is not optimal yet implemented, resulting in overlapping national institutions in carrying out the functions and main tasks are clashing (sectoral), and there are many of interests among states in Northeast Asia region to faces the maritime issue. Thus the existence of these weaknesses, Indonesia yet to make Indonesia as a maritime nation as a whole and not the realization of Indonesia's ocean policy that will bring changes in the economic development and defense and security at sea. Thus, a strong maritime security strategy can not be realized in a powerful and normative."

"Kenaikan harga BBM membuat biaya operasional kapal menjadi semakin tidak terjangkau merupakan akar masalah dari kemiskinan yang dialami oleh nelayan kecil. Hal ini mengindikasikan perlunya solusi untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada BBM. Energi listrik sebagai alternatif memiliki potensi karena lebih murah dan ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian kapal ikan untuk mengevaluasi dan mengoptimasi performa sistem propulsi dengan mengatur putaran BLDC Motor dan memilih sistem transmisi untuk performa kapal yang optimal.Dua tahap pengujian dilakukan: tahap pra optimasi menggunakan transmisi gearbox dan pulley belt dengan rasio 1:7,07, dan tahap pasca optimasi menggunakan transmisi pulley belt dengan rasio 1:1,6. Analisis data berfokus pada hubungan kecepatan putaran motor listrik dengan arus, daya dan kecepatan kapal menunjukkan peningkatan performa sistem propulsi kapal secara keseluruhan. Optimasi performa sistem propulsi telah berhasil dilakukan ditandai dengan meningkatnya kecepatan maksimum kapal, dari pengujian tahap pra optimasi yaitu 3,24 knot pada 3487,57 RPM, menjadi 4,14 knot pada 715,96 RPM saat pengujian pasca optimasi, sehingga parameter kecepatan kapal telah tercapai.

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The increase in fuel prices, making the operational costs of ships increasingly unaffordable, is the root cause of the poverty experienced by small-scale fishermen. This indicates the need for solutions to reduce dependence on fuel. Electric energy as an alternative has potential because it is cheaper and environmentally friendly. In this study, tests were conducted on fishing vessels to evaluate and optimize the performance of the propulsion system by regulating the rotation of the BLDC motor and selecting the transmission system for optimal vessel performance. Two stages of testing were conducted: the pre-optimization stage using gearbox and pulley belt transmission with a ratio of 1:7.07, and the post-optimization stage using pulley belt transmission with a ratio of 1:1.6. Data analysis focused on the relationship between the speed of the electric motor, current, power, and vessel speed, showing an overall improvement in the vessel's propulsion system performance. The optimization of the propulsion system performance was successfully achieved, as indicated by the increase in the vessel's maximum speed from 3.24 knots at 3487.57 RPM in the pre-optimization test to 4.14 knots at 715.96 RPM in the post-optimization test, thus achieving the vessel speed parameters."

"Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis stabilitas Kapal Ikan 5 GT, sebuah kapal berkapasitas 5 GT dengan penggerak motor listrik dan dilengkapi dengan panel surya untuk pengisian daya baterainya. Untuk menjamin keselamatan operasional, analisis stabilitas kapal dilakukan menggunakan parameter dari International Maritime Organization (IMO) sebagai standar keselamatan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi uji eksperimental inclining test dan simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak Maxsurf Stability. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengukur jarak pemindahan beban uji dan kemiringan kapal yang diakibatkan oleh pemindahan posisi beban. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa nilai GMt dari uji eksperimen adalah 0,385 m, sementara hasil simulasi menunjukkan nilai 0,395 m pada kondisi inclining test. Uji stabilitas berdasarkan kriteria IMO menunjukkan bahwa Kapal Ikan 5 GT belum memenuhi kriteria stabilitas untuk parameter luas area pada sudut kemiringan 30°, 40°, 30° - 40°, dan nilai GZ pada sudut 30°, dalam kondisi kapal kosong. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penambahan beban pemberat pada kapal agar memenuhi kriteria stabilitas yang ditetapkan.

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This research focuses on the stability analysis of a 5 GT fishing vessel, a boat with a 5 GT capacity powered by an electric motor and equipped with solar panels for battery charging. To ensure operational safety, the vessel's stability analysis was conducted using parameters from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as safety standards. The methods employed include an experimental inclining test and simulations using Maxsurf Stability software. Data collection was carried out by measuring the displacement distance of the test weight and the tilt of the vessel caused by the repositioning of the weight. The calculation results indicate that the GMt value from the experimental test is 0.385 m, while the simulation results show a value of 0.395 m under the inclining test conditions. Stability tests based on IMO criteria reveal that the 5 GT fishing vessel does not meet stability criteria for the area under the curve at heel angles of 30°, 40°, 30° - 40°, and the GZ value at a 30° angle, in an empty vessel condition. Therefore, additional ballast weight is required for the vessel to meet the specified stability criteria."

"Penangkapan ikan ilegal (Illegal fishing) merupakan praktik yang telah menjadi masalah bersama negara-negara di dunia. Salah satu zona maritim yang paling banyak terjadi Illegal fishing adalah zona ekonomi eksklusif (ZEE) yang terdapat yurisdiksi eksklusif suatu negara untuk kegiatan eksploitasi, eksplorasi, serta konservasi dan pengelolaan sumber daya hayati lautnya, termasuk juga sumber daya perikanannya. Banyaknya praktik Illegal fishing di ZEE tidak terlepas dari lemahnya penegakan hukum terhadap praktik tersebut, sehingga dibutuhkan pengaturan yang tegas mengenai penegakan hukum terhadap praktik tersebut dalam hukum internasional dan juga hukum nasional.Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji bagaimana pengaturan hukum internasional serta pengaturan hukum nasional negara-negara mengenai penegakan hukum terhadap praktik Illegal fishing di ZEE. Dengan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dalam bentuk deskriptif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan yang komprehensif mengenai dampak dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh Illegal fishing, serta penegakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh setiap negara, dalam rangka memberantas praktik tersebut di ZEE negara bersangkutan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat batasan-batasan tertentu terhadap penegakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan negara berdasarkan hukum internasional.

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Illegal fishing has become a common issue for all countries in the world. One of the maritime zones which many illegal fishing occur is exclusive economic zone (EEZ), where there are some exclusive jurisdiction for the purpose of exploiting, exploring, conserving, and managing the living resources, including fisheries. The number of illegal fishing practices in EEZ can not be saparated from the weakness of the law enforcement. Therefore, it needs a strict regulation regarding the law enforcement towards such practices, both in the international law and the national legislation.

The purposes of this research are to examine how the international and national law of states arranging the law enforcement towards illegal fishing practices in EEZ. Using juridical-normative method and descriptive form, this research is addresed for serving a comprehensive description concerning the impacts and damage caused by illegal fishing, and actions may be taken by states, as a law enforcement, for the purpose of eradicating such practices in EEZ. The result of this research shows that there are certain limitations on the implementation of the law enforcement can be conducted by states based on the international law."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berfokus pada implementasi kemitraan dalam pemolisian komunitas yang dilaksanakan Ditpolairda Maluku Utara bersama masyarakat dan instansi pemerintah terkait dalam rangka pencegahan praktik destructive fishing. Pembahasan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori pertukaran sosial dan pencegahan kejahatan terpadu. Pendekatan yang dipakai ialah pendekatan kualitatif dengan tujuan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kemitraan menghadapi masalah berupa kapabilitas personel, sarana, dan prasarana polisi air yang belum memadai, serta perihal ego sektoral yang dimiliki oleh sejumlah agen pelaksana. Oleh karena itu, integrasi antar pihak dibutuhkan untuk menciptakan pelaksanaan kemitraan antar instansi pemerintah terkait yang efektif dan efisien dalam rangka pencegahan praktik destructive fishing.

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ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the issue of partnership implementation on community policing which is faced by Directorate Marine Police of Maluku Utara (Ditpolairda Maluku Utara) with community and other agencies in order to prevent destructive fishing. The discussion of this issue is analyzed by social exchange theory and integrated crime prevention. The author uses qualitative approach with descriptive purpose. The result shows that partnership encounters several problems which are associated with ego sectoral issue and the lack of personels, facilities, and infrastructure. Therefore, every agents possessed in partnership should be integrated to form an effective and efficient destructive fishing prevention."

"ABSTRAKTindak pidana perikanan (illegal fishing) merupakan permasalahan serius untuk Indonesia. Kerugian yang dialami Indonesia akibat illegal fishing mencapai Rp. 300 triliun pertahun. Pemulihan aset (asset recovery) merupakan sarana yang dapat digunakan untuk memulihkan kerugian ekonomi yang terjadi akibat illegal fishing. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana penegakan hukum perkara illegal fishing dihubungkan dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang ingin mengoptimalkan ganti rugi dari tindak pidana perikanan dan apa upaya-upaya yang pemerintah dapat lakukan dalam melakukan pemulihan aset akibat illegal fishing bersama dengan aparat penegak hukum. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat Preskriptif, peneliti menganalisa penegakan hukum terhadap perkara illegal fishing (dengan studi kasus kapal MV. Hai Fa) dan kemudian memberikan masukan (rekomendasi) cara pemulihan aset (asset recovery) yang dapat dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan perlunya diambil langkah-langkah upaya pemulihan aset dengan menggunakan pendekatan multi-door, mengajukan tuntutan pidana kepada korporasi dan mengajukan gugatan perdata dalam penanganan dan penyelesaian perkara illegal fishing, serta memanfaatkan Pusat Pemulihan Aset pada Kejaksaan Repubik Indonesia dengan melakukan penguatan struktur pemulihan aset dan hukum substantif terkait penanganan dan penyelesaian tindak pidana dibidang perikanan.

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ABSTRACTFisheries crime (illegal fishing) is a serious problem for Indonesia. Indonesia?s losses due to illegal fishing reached IDR 300 trillion per year. Asset recovery is a tool that can be used to recover economical damages caused by illegal fishing. The research problem is: how does the law enforcement of illegal fishing cases link to government policies to optimize the compensation of fisheries crime and what efforts can the government do in conducting asset recovery due to illegal fishing together with law enforcement officers. By using the method of normative and prescriptive legal research, researcher analyzed law enforcement against illegal fishing (with a case study of MV. Hai Fa vessel) and then provides feedback (recommendation) on ways of asset recovery that can be done. The results of the study suggest the need to take necessary steps of asset recovery by using multi-door approach, file criminal charges against the corporation and file a lawsuit in the handling and settlement of illegal fishing cases, as well as utilize Asset Recovery Centre on the Attorney General Office of the Republic Indonesia by strengthening the structure of asset recovery and the substantive law related to the handling and settlement of fisheries crime"

"AbstractDestructive behavior to coral reef ecosystem should not exist if community realize the importance value of the existence of coral reefs, have adequate source for livelihood and an obedience to God Almighty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of religious ritual performing (religiousness), social and economic conditions of society on destructive manner of community to coral reefs. The data collected are analyzed quantitatively using structural equation model (SEM) using the method of Partial Least Square (PLS). The result findings show that the destructive behavior of the community to coral reef is not influenced by the piety of the people in performing ritual worship. The more devout people in performing ritual worship behavior does not necessarily make them more friendly to the environment, particularly coral reef ecosystems. The destructive behavior of the community to coral reef is also not influenced by their social conditions. The higher level of community's education does not necessarily make them more concerned about the environment. The destructive behavior of community to coral reef is significantly influenced by the economic conditions of society. Communities with lower income levels tend to perform acts that damage the coral reefs such as coral mining and destructive fishing techniques in an effort to satisfy their economic needs."