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"Latar Belakang: Penelitian persepsi Ortodontis dan masyarakat awam tentang profil wajah biasanya dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kesepakatan di antara kelompok tersebut. Namun, masih sedikit penelitian yang menghubungkan persepsi dengan parameter jaringan lunak profil wajah. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan persepsi ortodontis dan masyarakat awam dan korelasinya terhadap parameter jaringan lunak profil wajah menurut Arnett, Schwarz, dan Rickett. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah analitik korelatif dengan desain potong lintang. Foto profil 52 orang dinilai estetikanya oleh 17 ortodontis dan 17 masyarakat awam pada kuesioner. Uji korelasi Spearman dilakukan antara nilai modus persepsi VAS oleh Ortodontis dan masyarakat awam dengan selisih pengukuran parameter jaringan lunak Arnett, Schwarz, Rickett pada foto terhadap nilai normal. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara persepsi ortodontis dan masyarakat awam tentang profil wajah (p=0,001). Uji kappa menunjukkan kesepakatan antara Ortodontis dan masyarakat awam yang rendah (p=0,035 untuk persepsi estetika, p=0,112 untuk persepsi kecembungan). Terdapat korelasi linier negatif sedang yang bermakna secara statistik antara persepsi estetika Ortodontis dan parameter jaringan lunak profil wajah menurut Rickett (Ls/bibir atas) (r=-0,287, p=0,039), tetapi tidak terdapat korelasi linier yang bermakna secara statistik antara persepsi Ortodontis dan masyarakat awam dengan parameter jaringan lunak profil wajah menurut Arnett, Schwarz, dan Rickett (Li/bibir bawah). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi antara persepsi Ortodontis dengan parameter jaringan lunak profil wajah menurut Rickett (Ls/bibir atas).

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.Background: Facial profile perception of Orthodontists and Laypeople was usually studied to assess the agreement between them. However, there is still lack of study that correlates the facial profile perception with soft tissue parameters. Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the perception of Orthodontists and Laypeople about the facial profile and its possible correlation with soft tissue facial profile parameters according to Arnett, Schwarz, and Rickett. Methods: This study was correlative analytical study with cross-sectional design. The facial profile photographs of 52 people were rated by 17 Orthodontists and 17 Laypeople on the questionnaire. The correlation between the mode value of VAS perception score by Orthodontists and Laypeople with the difference of soft tissue facial profile parameters at photographs from the normal value according to Arnett, Schwarz, and Rickett was tested using Spearman's correlation. Results: Regarding the perception of Orthodontists and Laypeople on facial profile, statistically significant difference was detected (p=0.001). The Kappa statistic test showed poor agreement between Orthodontists and Laypeople in facial profile perception (p=0.035 for pleasantness, p=0.112 for convexity). The correlation test showed that there was statistically significant difference (moderate negative linear correlation) between Orthodontists’ perception with soft tissue facial profile parameters according to Rickett (Ls/upper lip) (r=-0.287, p=0.039), but there was no statistically significant difference (linear correlation) between Orthodontists’ and Laypeople’ perceptions with the soft tissue facial profile parameters according to Arnett, Schwarz, and Rickett (Li/lower lip). Conclusion: It was concluded that there was correlation between Orthodontists’ perception with soft tissue facial profile parameters according to Rickett (Ls/upper lip.

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"Di Indonesia, kereta api telah menjadi moda transportasi yang populer dan efisien, menawarkan kenyamanan dan kecepatan bagi pengguna. Dalam operasionalnya, salah satu tantangan utama adalah optimisasi, di mana kereta listrik muncul sebagai solusi yang efektif dengan biaya operasional rendah dan gaya traksi tinggi. Profil trayektori kecepatan yang mengindikasikan kecepatan yang diizinkan pada setiap posisi dapat membimbing pengemudi atau sistem operasi otomatis kereta (ATO) untuk mengoperasikan kereta dengan lebih efisien. Penelitian ini mengkaji pendekatan optimisasi untuk trayektori kecepatan Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL), dengan mempertimbangkan konsumsi energi sebagai ukuran kepuasan perusahaan kereta api dan waktu perjalanan sebagai ukuran kepuasan penumpang. Optimisasi kecepatan kereta dapat menggunakan algoritma Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm (HEA). Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode multiobjektif untuk mengoptimalkan lintasan kecepatan kereta, dengan mempertimbangkan batasan kecepatan, strategi mengemudi yang meliputi fase accelerating, cruising, coasting, braking, serta adaptasi terhadap kondisi kemiringan, dan kurvatur lintasan. Selain itu, penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana Pareto front dari setiap generasi algoritma dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan memilih strategi operasi yang paling efektif. Dalam penelitian ini didapat bahwa hasil dari solusi yang didapat bisa mengurangi total energi sebesar 21.97% dan total waktu tempuh sebesar 5.11%.

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In Indonesia, trains have become a popular and efficient mode of transportation, offering comfort and speed to users. One of the main challenges in their operation is optimization, where electric trains emerge as an effective solution with low operational costs and high tractive force. A speed trajectory profile that indicates the authorized speed at each position can guide the driver or the automatic train operation (ATO) system to operate the train more efficiently. This study examines the optimization approach for the speed trajectory of Electric Rail Trains (KRL), considering energy consumption as a measure of railway company satisfaction and travel time as a measure of passenger satisfaction. Train speed optimization can utilize the Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm (HEA). This research proposes a multi-objective method to optimize the train speed trajectory, taking into account speed limits, driving strategies including accelerating, cruising, coasting, and braking phases, as well as adaptation to track slope and curvature conditions. Additionally, this study demonstrates how the Pareto front of each algorithm generation can be used to evaluate and select the most effective operational strategy. In this research, it was found that the results of the solution obtained could reduce total energy by 21.97% and total travel time by 5.11%."

"Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol berantai karbon lima (polyol) yang banyak digunakan sebagai pemanis alami dalam bentuk permen karet untuk mencegah karies gigi. Xylitol memiliki efek antikaries karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. mutans yang merupakan salah satu agen utama penyebab karies gigi, menurunkan pembentukan plak dan meningkatkan remineralisasi gigi. Pulpa gigi berperan penting bagi vitalitas gigi. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat berpenetrasi dan menimbulkan efek biologik pada sel. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek xylitol terhadap viabilitas dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi (in vitro). Metode: sel-sel pulpa gigi didapat dari gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, dan dikultur dalam medium kultur DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) hingga confluent. Selanjutnya sel-sel tersebut disubkultur pada kondisi yang sama selama semalam di 24-wellplate. Setelah itu kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16%. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak diberi xylitol. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan MTT assay. Sedangkan profil protein dianalisis dengan SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata optical density (OD) kelompok xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), dan 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,566 ± 0,069). Uji statistik Oneway ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kelompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol (p<0,05). Persentase viabilitas sel diperoleh dari rerata optical density. Viabilitas sel kelompok xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (100%). Dari hasil SDS PAGE, tampak perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi. Simpulan: terdapat peningkatan viabilitas sel dan perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

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Background: xylitol is five carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) which is used as natural sweetener in chewing gum to prevent dental caries. Xylitol has anticaries effect as it can inhibit the growth of S. Mutans, one of the main etiology of dental caries, decrease plaque formation, and increase tooth remineralization. Dental pulp has an important role in dental vitality. In exposed dental pulp, xylitol can penetrate and induce biological response of the cells. Objective: to detect the effects of xylitol to cell viability and protein profile of dental pulp cells (in vitro). Method: dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth, and were cultured in DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) until confluent. Subsequently, they were subcultured in same condition overnight on 24-well plate. Afterwards, the treatment groups were exposed by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol. Whilst, the control group was not exposed by xylitol. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Whereas, the protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE. Results: the mean of optical density of treatment group with xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), and 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) were higher than control group (1,566 ± 0,069). Statistical test Oneway ANOVA showed that all the treatment groups were significantly different compared with the control (p<0,05). The percentage of cell viability was obtained from the mean of optical density. The cell viability of xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) were higher than control group (100%). From SDS PAGE, there was protein profile alteration. Conclusion: there was an increased of cell viability and the alteration of protein profile of dental pulp cells after treated with xylitol."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam resin komposit. Jika polimerisasi resin komposit tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dapat terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut dalam beberapa menit hingga jam dan dapat berpenetrasi mencapai pulpa. TEGDMA dilaporkan bersifat toksik terhadap sel dan jaringan rongga mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek TEGDMA terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi ditentukan berdasarkan viabilitas dan profil protein sel pulpa (in vitro). Metode: Sel-sel pulpa berasal dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur dalam DMEM (37o C, 5% CO2) sampai confluent (± 2 malam). Selanjutnya dilakukan subkultur dengan kondisi yang sama selama 1 malam pada 24-wellplate. Kemudian pada kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4 mM, 8 mM dan 12 mM selama 24 jam; sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dipaparkan TEGDMA. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan menggunakan MTT assay dan hasilnya dibaca dengan microplate reader (490 nm), sedangkan gambaran profil protein dideteksi dengan menggunakan SDS-PAGE dan diinterpretasikan dengan menggunakan Gel Doc. Hasil: Rerata optical density (OD) ± SD kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 4 mM (1,71 ± 0,08); 8 mM (1,59 ± 0,11); dan 12 mM (1,50 ± 0,16) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,81 ± 0,11). Uji statistik One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa nilai rerata OD kelompok TEGDMA 8 mM dan 12 mM berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0.05). Profil protein sel mengalami perubahan setelah pemaparan TEGDMA. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini viabilitas sel menurun dan terjadi perubahan profil protein sel setelah pemaparan TEGDMA.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer contained in composite resin. If the polimerized was incomplete TEGDMA could bereleased into oral cavity in minutes to hours and could penetrate to the dental pulp. Itwas reported that TEGDMA has cytotoxic effects to cells and tissues in oral cavity.

Objectives: To determine the toxic effect of TEGDMA on dental pulp cells culture based on cell viability and Protein Cell Profile.

Methods: The pulp cells were isolated from the pulp tissue of the freshly extracted teeth, cultured in DMEM (37o C, 5% CO2) until confluent (± 2 nights). Afterwards, subcultured with the same condition overnight in 24-wellplate. Then, the treatment groups were treated with TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM for 24 hours, whereas in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The optical density of cell viability was measured by MTT assay then it was read with microplate reader in 490 nm. The protein cell profile was identified by SDS-PAGE method and analyzed by Gel Doc.

Results: Mean optical density ± SD of TEGDMA treatment group 4mM (1,71 ± 0,08), 8mM (1,59 ± 0,11), and 12 mM (1,50 ± 0,16) were lower than the control group (1,81 ± 0,11). One Way ANOVA analysis showed that TEGDMA treatment group 8 mM and 12 mM had significant differences compared with the control group (p<0,05). The protein profile of cells was altered after TEGDMA exposure.

Conclusion: In this research the cell viability was decreased and the protein profile of cells was altered after TEGDMA exposure."

"Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol dengan 5 ikatan rantai karbon yang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, xylitol memiliki peran sebagai antikaries gigi karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans penyebab karies gigi. Namun belum diketahui efek pemaparan xylitol terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi. Pulpa gigi merupakan jaringan yang sensitif terhadap paparan benda asing. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat menimbulkan efek biologik. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek paparan xylitol dalam beberapa konsentrasi terhadap protein total dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi secara in vitro. Metode: sampel penelitian berasal dari sel-sel pulpa gigi sehat (tanpa karies) yang baru diekstraksi. Selanjutnya dikultur selama semalam dan dilanjutkan dengan subkultur selama semalam. Kemudian kelompok perlakuan xylitol dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 16%, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberi paparan xylitol. Protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi diukur dengan menggunakan metode Bradford assay dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata konsentrasi protein total (µg/ml ± SD) sel-sel pulpa gigi kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% (23031,305 ± 1636,87), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 4% (26380,865 ± 3278,0), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 8% (23192,574 ± 1441,39), dan kelompok perlakuan xylitol 16% (21498,481 ± 2633,37) memiliki rerata konsentrasi protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (19013,045 ± 2188,51) dan memiliki perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan uji statistik Oneway ANOVA. Namun, antar kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16% tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Pada gambaran profil protein, tampak terjadi perubahan profil protein pada kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% dan 8%. Simpulan: pada penelitian ini terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi protein total dan perubahan profil protein selsel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

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Background: xylitol is sugar alcohol with 5 carbon atom in the molecule which has many benefits for human health. In dentistry, xylitol is an anti-cariogenic agent as it can inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth. Nevertheless, the effect of xylitol exposure to dental pulp cells has not been known yet. Dental pulp is a sensitive tissue toward exposure of several agents. In the exposed dental pulp, xylitol can cause biological effects.

Objectives: the effect of xylitol with several concentrations determined to total protein and protein profile of the dental pulp cells culture.

Methods: the dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth (non-caries). Furthermore, dental pulp cells were cultured overnight and then subcultured another overnight. Afterwards, xylitol treatment group was exposured by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol, while control group was not exposured by xylitol. Total protein cells was measured by Bradford assay method and protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE.

Results: the mean of total protein (µg/ml ± SD) cells concentration? of 2% xylitol group (23031,305 ± 1636,87), 4% xylitol group (26380,865 ± 3278,0), 8% xylitol group (23192,574 ± 1441,39), and 16% xylitol group (21498,481 ± 2633,37) were statistically higher than the control group (19013,045 ± 2188,51). However, there were not significant differences between 2%, 8%, and 16% xylitol groups. From the result of SDS PAGE, it was shown that there was altered protein profile in 2% and 8% xylitol group.

Conclusions: in this research, the concentration of total protein cells were increased and the cells protein profile was altered in the dental pulp cells after xylitol exposured."

"Protein sel merupakan makromolekul yang terdiri dari satu atau beberapa polipeptida yang tersusun dari rangkaian asam amino yang saling berikatan. Terdapat perbedaan profil protein antara sel normal dengan sel kanker.Tujuan : Melihat ekspresi protein pada KSSRM dan mukosa mulut normal.Metode : Sel galur HSC-3 dan HSC-4 dikultur hingga confluent. Sel skuamosa mukosa normal diambil dari jaringan gingiva pasien odontektomi. Semua sampel dilakukan prosedur ekstraksi protein, Bradford protein assay, dan SDS PAGE.Hasil : KSSRM mengekspresikan protein dengan level cukup tinggi pada berat molekul 31-78 kDa. Namun, pada mukosa normal, kebanyakan mengekspresikan protein pada berat molekul antara 39 - 172 kDa.Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan ekspresi protein pada sel galur KSSRM dibandingkan dengan mukosa mulut normal.

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Cells Proteins are macro molecules consist of one or several polypeptides which formed from amine acid chain that bound one another. There is a different of protein profile between normal and cancer cells.Objective : To observe the protein expression in OSCC and normal oral mucous.Method : Cell lines HSC-3 and HSC-4 were cultured until confluent. Normal squamous mucosa was taken from gingival tissues patient who had odontectomy procedure. Protein extraction, Bradford protein assay, and SDS PAGE procedure were performed for all samples.Results : Oral squamous cells carcinoma expressed rather high level of protein which have molecular weight of 31-78 kDa compared to normal gingival which express protein molecular weight ranging between 39 - 172 kDa.Conclusion : There are different protein expression between oral squamous cells carcinoma and normal oral mucous."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam bahan tambal resin komposit. Jika polimerisasi tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dapat dengan mudah terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut beberapa menit hingga jam setelah penambalan, dan dapat berpenetrasi ke dalam pulpa. TEGDMA yang terlepas dilaporkan bersifat toksik terhadap jaringan dan sel tubuh.Tujuan: menentukan efek TEGDMA terhadap protein total dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi.Metode: sel-sel pulpa didapat dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur pada medium kultur DMEM. Setelah sel kultur tampak confluent (±2 malam), dilakukan subkultur dari kultur primer tersebut, yang kemudian diinkubasi kembali pada suhu 37° C dan 5% CO2 selama 1 malam pada 24- well plate. Kemudian dilakukan pemaparan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4mM, 8mM dan 12mM, selama 24 jam, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dilakukan pemaparan TEGDMA. Penentuan konsentrasi protein total sel pulpa dilakukan dengan menggunakan Bradford protein assay. Profil protein sel pulpa diidentifikasi dengan teknik SDS-PAGE. Analisa berat molekul protein sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Gel Doc (Band Analysis Quick Guide).Hasil: Rerata konsentrasi protein total sel (µg/ml ± SD) pada kelompok perlakuan dengan TEGDMA 4mM (22762,27±3385,87) dan 8mM (20268,44±1701,14) memiliki nilai dibawah kelompok kontrol (24253,77±3072,88). Sedangkan kelompok perlakuan dengan TEGDMA 12mM (23706,51±3214,52) memiliki nilai konsentrasi protein total sel di atas kelompok 4mM dan 8mM, namun masih tetap di bawah kelompok kontrol. Berdasarkan uji statistik dengan one way ANOVA, hanya kelompok TEGDMA 8mM yang memiliki perbedaan rerata konsentrasi protein total sel yang bermakna (p=0.037) terhadap kelompok kontrol. Selanjutnya dari gambaran profil protein yang terbentuk pada gel elektroforesis, tampak perubahan profil protein sel pada setiap kelompok setelah paparan TEGDMA.Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini terjadi penurunan konsentrasi protein total sel dan perubahan profil protein sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4mM, 8mM, dan 12mM.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer that contained in composite resin restoration. When polymerization is incomplete, this compound could leache into oral cavity in minutes to hours after the restoration, and could penetrate the dental pulp. TEGDMA has been reported to be cytotoxic to the tissues and cells.Objective: to determine the effects of TEGDMA on total protein and protein profile of the dental pulp cells.Methods: the dental pulp cells were collected from the dental pulp tissues of the freshly extracted teeth, and cultured in culture medium of DMEM. After the growth of cultured cells was confluent (±2 nights), the cells were subcultured then incubated (37°C, 5% CO2) overnight in 24-well plate. Afterwards, the cells were exposed to TEGDMA with concentrations of 4mM, 8mM, and 12mM, for 24 hours, meanwhile in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The concentration of total cell protein was measured by Bradford protein assay. The protein profile of the dental pulp cells were identified by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of sample protein was analyzed by Gel Doc (Band Analysis Quick Guide).Results: The mean of total cell protein concentration (µg/ml ± SD) on treatment groups of 4mM TEGDMA (22762,27±3385,87) and 8mM (20268,44±1701,14) were lower than the controls (24253,77±3072,88). Whereas, the total cell protein concentration of treatment group of TEGDMA 12mM (23706,51±3214,52) was higher than the treatment groups with TEGDMA 4mM and 8mM, but it was still lower than the controls. According to one way ANOVA statistic test, only the treatment group with TEGDMA 8mM was significantly lower than the controls (p=0.037). Furthermore, the protein profile identified by electrophoresis gel, showed the profile alteration after TEGDMA exposure.Conclusion: In this research the total cell protein concentration was decreased and the protein profile of the dental pulp cells was altered after exposure with TEGDMA 4mM, 8mM, and 12mM."

"Berdasarkan data Global Burden of Cancer GLOBOCAN tahun 2012 diperkirakan terdapat 8.2 juta kematian akibat kanker di seluruh dunia, 65 diantaranya berada di negara berkembang. Registrasi kanker memiliki peran penting dalam upaya perencanaan dan evaluasi program penanggulangan kanker di masa yang akan datang. Berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM telah ditetapkan sebagai pusat pengendali data kanker Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini memaparkan profil kanker Wilayah Jakarta Timur tahun 2008 - 2012 berdasarkan data kanker yang terhimpun di RSCM. Didapatkan 3748 pasien kanker yang berdomisili di Jakarta Timur dengan rasio laki - laki dan perempuan 1 : 1.9. Mayoritas pasien berada pada kelompok usia 45-54 tahun. Sebagian besar pasien datang pada stadium lanjut yaitu stadium 3 dan 4. Pada kedua jenis kelamin frekuensi kanker tersering adalah kanker payudara, diikuti kanker serviks uteri, keganasan sistem hematopoetik dan retikuloendotelial, kanker nasofaring serta kanker paru dan bronkus. Urutan kanker tersering pada laki - laki adalah kanker nasofaring, keganasan sistem hematopoetik dan retikuloendotelial, kanker paru dan bronkus, duktus bilier intrahepatik dan hati serta kanker kelenjar getah bening. Sementara pada perempuan lima penyakit kanker tersering adalah kanker payudara, kanker serviks uteri, kanker ovarium, keganasan sistem hematopoetik dan retikuloendotelial serta kanker kelenjar tiroid.

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Global Burden of Cancer GLOBOCAN 2012 estimated there were 8.2 million cancer deaths worldwide, 65 of them were in developing countries. Cancer registration had an important role in planning and evaluating cancer control program in the future. Based on Indonesian Minister of health decree, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was determined as Cancer Registry Control Center in DKI Jakarta Province.

This study aims to report Cancer Profile in East Jakarta 2008 2012 based on RSCM Data. There were 3748 cancer patient who live in East Jakarta, with male and female ratio of 1 1.9. Most of them are between 45 54 years old. The majority of patients came to health providers with advanced stage stage 3 and 4. At both sexes the most frequent cancer are breast cancer, followed by cervical cancer, hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system malignancy, nasopharyngeal cancer and lung and bronchial cancer.

The five most common cancer in men are nasopharyngeal cancer, hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system malignancy, lung and bronchial cancer, liver and intrahepatic bile duct and lymph node cancer. While in women, they are breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system malignancy and thyroid gland cancer. cancer, cancer profile, cancer registration, East Jakarta"

"Latar Belakang: Menurut data WHO World Health Organization pada tahun 2012, kanker menempati nomor dua penyebab kematian di negara maju setelah penyakit kardiovaskular dan menjadi penyakit nomor tiga penyebab kematian di negara berkembang setelah kardiovaskular dan penyakit infeksi. Saat ini, data mengenai profil kanker yang diperoleh dari kegiatan registrasi kanker di Indonesia belum ada. Profil kanker dengan metode pengumpulan dan pelaporan yang baik di wilayah DKI Jakarta diperlukan untuk pembentukan registrasi kanker berbasis populasi di Indonesia. Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusumo RSCM telah ditetapkan sebagai rumah sakit pengendali data beban kanker DKI Jakarta oleh Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran profil kanker di Provinsi Jakarta tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2012 berdasarkan data di RSCM sebagai pusat pengendali registrasi kanker Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif cross sectional dengan mengambil data dari registrasi kanker di RSCM untuk membetuk profil kanker di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2012. Hasil: Didapatkan 14.726 pasien kanker, dengan rasio laki-laki dan perempuan 1:1,8. Mayoritas berusia antara 45-54 tahun. Mayoritas pasien datang berobat pada stadium lanjut, yaitu stadium 3 atau 4, sebanyak 31,8. Domisili pasien terbanyak di Kota Jakarta Barat 27,5 diikuti Kota Jakarta Timur 25,5. Urutan lima kanker terbanyak pada kedua jenis kelamin adalah kanker payudara, kanker serviks, keganasan sistem hematopoetik dan retikuloendotelial, kanker paru dan bronkus, serta kanker nasofaring. Urutan lima kanker terbanyak pada laki-laki adalah kanker paru, kanker nasofaring, keganasan sistem hematopoetik dan retikuloendotelial, kanker hati, serta kanker kelenjar getah bening. Urutan kanker terbanyak pada perempuan adalah kanker payudara, kanker serviks, kanker ovarium, keganasan sistem hematopoetik dan retikuloendotelial, serta kanker kelenjar tiroid. Kesimpulan: Hasil pada penelitian ini sesuai dengan GLOBOCAN 2012 untuk Wilayah Asia Tenggara, namun cakupan datanya belum optimal karena belum semua fasilitas kesehatan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta mengumpulkan data pasien kanker. Saran: Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan cakupan yamg lebih luas dengan melibatkan semua fasilitas kesehatan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta.

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Background: According to WHO World Health Organization data in 2012, cancer occupies the second cause of death in developed countries after cardiovascular disease and become the third leading cause of death in developing countries after cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Currently, data on cancer profiles obtained from cancer registration activitie s in Indonesia does not exist. Cancer profiles with good collecting and reporting methods are required for the establishment of Indonesia population based cancer registry. The Minister of Health of Indonesia has designated Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM as a Cancer Registry Control Center of DKI Jakarta Province. This study aims to provide a description of cancer profile of DKI Jakarta Province in 2008 to 2012 based on data from RSCM as a control center for cancer registry of DKI Jakarta Province.

Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study by collecting data from cancer registry at RSCM to establish cancer profile in DKI Jakarta Province in 2008 to 2012.

Results: 14,726 cancer patients were found, with male and female ratio of 1 1.8. The majority of patients were between 45 54 years old. Most of patients came to the health care facility were in advanced stage, as many as 31.8. The number of patient was highest from West Jakarta 27.5 and followed by from East Jakarta 25.5. The five most frequent cancer found in both sexes were breast cancer, cervical cancer, hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system malignancy, lung and bronchial cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer. The five most common cancers in male were lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system malignancy, liver cancer, and lymph node cancer. The five most common cancers in female were breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system malignancy, and thyroid gland cancer.

Conclusion: The results of this study are similar with GLOBOCAN 2012 results for Southeast Asia region, but the data coverage was still not optimal because not all health care facilities in DKI Jakarta Province submitted cancer patient data.

Suggestion: Further research is needed with broader coverage involving all health care facilities in the DKI Jakarta Province."

"ABSTRAKPraktek kerja profesi di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Fatmawati Periode Bulan MaretApril Tahun 2018 bertujuan untuk memahami peranan, tugas, dan tanggung jawab apoteker di Rumah Sakit sesuai dengan ketentuan dan etika pelayanan farmasi khususnya dan pelayanan kesehatan umumnya, memiliki wawasan, pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan pengalaman praktis untuk melakukan praktek kefarmasian di rumah sakit, memiliki gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan praktek kefarmasian serta mempelajari strategi dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangka pengembangan praktek kefarmasian di rumah sakit. Praktek kerja profesi ini dilaksanakan selama satu bulan dua minggu dengan tugas khusus yaitu ldquo;Profil Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Intensive Care Unit ICU RSUP Fatmawati Periode 29 Maret-4 April 2018 rdquo;. Tujuan dari tugas khusus ini adalah memperoleh gambaran profil penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ICU RSUP Fatmawati sebagai dasar pertimbangan perencanaan antibiotik, dimana mencakup karakteristik pasien, jumlah penggunaan tiap jenis antibiotik, ketepatan pemberian antibiotik berdasarkan hasil kultur, dan jumlah penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan lini pengobatan yang terdapat pada Pedoman Penggunaan Antibiotik di RSUP Fatmawati sehingga melatih calon Apoteker menjalankan fungsi pengelolaan sediaan farmasi yaitu perencanaan.

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ABSTRACTProfession Internship at Fatmawati General Hospital in March-April 2018 aims to understand the role, duties and responsibilities of pharmacists in hospitals in accordance with applicable laws and ethics of pharmaceutical services in particular and general health services, having insight, knowledge, skills, and practical experience in conducting pharmaceutical practices in hospitals, have a clear conception of pharmaceutical practice issues as well as studying strategies and activities that can be undertaken in order to develop pharmaceutical practices in hospitals. This profession internship is implemented for one month and two weeks with a special assignment Profile of Antibiotic Usage In Patient Intensive Care Unit ICU Fatmawati General Hospital in 29 March-4 April 2018 . The purpose of this special assignment is to obtain a profile description of patient rsquo;s antibiotics usage in ICU Fatmawati General Hospital as a base for antibiotic planning consideration, which includes patient characteristics, the usage of each type antibiotics, the accuracy of antibiotics based on sensitivity test results, and the amount of antibiotic use based on Fatmawati General Hospital Guidelines for the Use of Antibiotics in lines treatment to train Apothecary candidates to carry out pharmaceutical duties which is planning as management function."