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"Reaksi fotoneutron adalah salah satu reaksi inti yang terjadi pada kepala linac, baik pada linac berkas foton ataupun berkas elektron. Reaksi fotoneutron menghasilkan produk berupa neutron dengan tingkat energi tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensimulasikan berapa besar dosis neutron yang mungkin diterima oleh pasien radioterapi saat proses radioterapi dengan pesawat linac Varian iX 15 MV lapangan 10 cm × 10 cm. Simulasi pengukuran dilakukan pada posisi isocenter kedalaman 1 cm – 15 cm untuk membentuk kurva PDD. Pengukuran off-axis pada permukaan fantom, 2 cm, 3 cm, dan 15 cm juga dilakukan agar dapat membentuk off-axis profile. Verifikasi simulasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan data pengukuran berkas foton lapangan 30 cm × 30 cm dengan beam data commissioning (BDC) Varian iX 15 MV Rumah Sakit Siloam MRCCC. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan nilai dosis posisi isocenter adalah 1,24 × 10-2 Sv Gy-1 pada permukaan fantom, 4,82 × 10-2 Sv Gy-1 pada kedalaman 2 cm, 1,25 × 10-1 Sv Gy-1 pada kedalaman 3 cm, dan 1,89 × 10-6 Sv Gy-1 kedalaman 15 cm. Namun, nilai dosis tertinggi terdapat pada posisi -2 cm kedalaman 2 cm, yaitu 2,05 × 100 Sv Gy-1. Pada posisi isocenter, nilai dosis tertinggi berada pada kedalaman 7 cm dengan nilai 2,70 × 10-1 Sv Gy-1.

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Photoneutron reaction is one of the reactions that occur in the linac head, both in the photon and the electron beam. The reaction produces neutrons with a certain energy level. This study aims to simulate how much neutron dose that may be received by radiotherapy patients during the process of radiotherapy with Varian iX 15 MV 10 cm × 10 cm field. Measurement simulation is carried out at an isocenter position depth of 1 cm - 15 cm to create a PDD curve. Off-axis measurements on phantom surfaces, 2 cm, 3 cm, and 15 cm are also carried out to make an off-axis profile.

Verification is done by comparing 30 cm × 30 cm field measurement data with beam data commissioning (BDC) of MRCCC Siloam Hospital’s Varian iX 15 MV linac. The result showed the dose value of the isocenter position is 1,24×10−2 Sv Gy-1 on the phantom surface, 4,82×10−2 Sv Gy-1 at a depth of 2 cm, 1,25×10−1 Sv Gy-1 at a depth of 3 cm, and 1,89×10−6 Sv Gy-1 at a depth of 15 cm. However, the highest dose value is -2 cm in 2 cm depth, which is 2,05 × 100 Sv Gy-1. In the  socenter position, the highest dose value is 2,70×10−1 Sv Gy-1 in 7 cm depth."

"ABSTRAKDesa Cisitu di Kabupaten Sukabumi merupakan salah satu desa yang masih mempertahankan sumber penghidupan sebagai petani teh.  Keberlanjutan sumber penghidupan sebagai petani teh menghadapi masalah musim kemarau yang panjang serta naik turunnya harga daun teh. Hal tersebut menyebabkan kebun teh di Desa Cisitu dimanfaatkan juga untuk ditanami jenis tanaman lain selain teh. Pengukuran keberlanjutan sumber penghidupan dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Keberlanjutan sumber penghidupan diukur melalui 5 aset utama yaitu aset alam, aset keuangan, aset fisik, aset manusia serta aset sosial. Aset alam diukur melalui terdapatnya lokasi perkebunan, pelayanan lingkungan serta bencana alam. Aset keuangan diukur melalui modal, aset kehidupan lain serta luas lahan pertanian. Aset fisik diukur melalui mekanisme pertanian, alat penunjang pertanian, teknologi pertanian serta aksesibilitas. Aset manusia diukur dengan kemampuan dan pengetahuan serta ketersediaan tenaga kerja. Aset sosial diukur dengan keikutsertaan dalam kelompok tani serta keterikatan dengan lembaga lain. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada lagi petani yang mampu bertahan hanya sebagai petani teh saja. Semua petani telah memiliki sumber penghasilan lain, baik dengan mengalih fungsikan kebun tehnya maupun dari sumber bukan pertanian. Petani yang masih mengelola kebun tehnya dengan baik adalah mereka yang memiliki aset keuangan yang memadai, serta mendapatkan bantuan dari pemerintah. Profil petani menjadi kunci dari kesempatan untuk mendapatkan bantuan dari pemerintah.  Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan petani teh dapat berlanjut sebagai sumber penghidupan jika ada bantuan dan bimbingan dari pemerintah yang dilakukan sesuai dengan profil petaninya.

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ABSTRACTCisitu Village is one of the villages where tea farming is a livelihood. Tea farmers in Cisitu Village utilized their own land as a source of livelihood. The sustainability of tea farming is facing a long dry season and the unstability of tea leaves price. With this situation, farmer cultivate other kind of plant on the tea plantation land. To measure the sutainability livelihood, this research was conducted by qualitative methods. The sustainability livelihoods was measured by five assetes, namely natural assets, financial assets, physical assets, human assets, and social assets.  Natural assets were measured through the location of plantations, environmental services, and natural disasters. Financial assets were measured through capital, other life assets, and the area of their land. Physical assets were measured through farming mechanisms, agricultural supporting tools, technology, and accessibility. Human assets were measured by the ability and knowledge, and availability of labor. Social assets are measured by participation in farmer groups and collaboration with institutions.  The results shows that tea farmers could not depend on tea as their main source. All farmers has other livelihood sources, either by changing some parts of their tea plantation or other financial source different than agriculture. Farmers that well manage their tea plantation are the one that have better financial assetes, and support by the government program.  Farmer profile is the key to have the chance to the government program. The conclusion of this study shows that tea farming as livelihood could be sustain if support and guidance from the government carried out base on the farmer profile.

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"Kereta listrik adalah salah satu mode transportasi yang paling banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Selain biayanya yang ekonomis, kereta listrik dapat mengantarkan penggunanya ke tujuan dengan lebih cepat dibandingkan kendaran lain seperti mobil atau motor yang rentan terjebak kemacetan lalu lintas. Mengingat kebergantungan masyarakat yang cukup besar terhadap kereta lisrik, maka dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan tingkat efisiensinya. Salah satu bentuk peningkatan efisiensi adalah dengan mengurangi nilai energi yang dihabiskan oleh kereta listrik saat beroperasi. Pengoptimalan kereta listrik dalam segi konsumsi energi dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan algoritma Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). Algoritma ABC adalah algoritma yang meniru perilaku koloni lebah madu dalam mencari solusi. Skripsi ini menunjukkan hasil pengaplikasian algoritma ABC dalam menemukan solusi berupa nilai konsumsi energi terkecil.

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An electric train is one of the most widely used modes of transportation used by Indonesians. Aside from being economical, an electric train can take their users to their destinations quicker than vehicles such as cars or motorbikes which are prone to getting stuck in traffic jams. Given how dependent the community is on electric trains, further research is needed to increase the level of efficiency. One form of increasing the efficiency of an electric train is to reduce the value of the energy consumed by the electric train while operating. Optimizing electric trains in terms of energy consumption can be done with the help of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. The ABC algorithm is an algorithm that mimics the behavior of honeybee colonies in finding solutions. This thesis shows the results of applying the ABC algorithm in finding a solution in the form of the smallest energy consumption value."

"Latar Belakang: Lansia rentan terhadap penyakit gigi dan mulut maupun sistemik. Sampai saat ini, belum ada penelitian mengenai laju alir saliva (LAS) dan profil Candida sp pada lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Binaan Dinas Sosial Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Tujuan: mengetahui profil saliva dan Candida sp pada lansia di PSTW. Metode: Dilakukan pengukuran LAS dengan dan tanpa stimulasi pada subjek lansia. Kemudian sampel saliva tanpa stimulasi dikultur menggunakan media CHROMagar^TM yang selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi dan perhitungan koloni Candida sp. Hasil: Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi berjumlah 279 orang, yaitu 107 laki-laki, dan 172 perempuan. Sejumlah 160 subjek tidak memiliki penyakit sistemik, sedangkan subjek dengan 1, 2 dan ≥3 penyakit sistemik masing-masing adalah 70, 18 dan 31 subjek. Terdapat 226 subjek yang memiliki LAS normal dan 53 subjek hiposalivasi; 225 subjek memiliki LAS terstimulasi normal dan 74 subjek hiposalivasi.  Dari 48 sampel saliva ditemukan C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, dan C. glabrata dengan 153, 84, 72, dan 100 koloni. Kesimpulan: Subjek penelitian ini didominasi oleh perempuan, kebanyakan subjek tidak memiliki penyakit sistemik dan tidak mengalami hiposalivasi. Candida albicans merupakan spesies yang paling sering ditemukan pada penelitian ini.

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Background: Elderly is susceptible to systemic and oral disease. Until to now, there has been no research that discuss salivary flow rate (SFR) and Candida sp profiles in elderly at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Binaan Dinas Sosial Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Objective: To determine the profiles of saliva and Candida sp in elderlies of PSTW. Methods: Stimulated and unstimulated SFR were measured. Then, unstimulated saliva samples were cultured using CHROMagar^TM kit and the Candida colonies were counted and identified. Results: There were 279 elderly subjects composed of 107 males and 172 females. There were 160 subjects without systemic disease whereas subjects with 1, 2 and ≥3 systemic diseases were 70, 18, and 31 subjects respectively. There were 226 subjects with normal SFR and 53 hyposalivation subjects. Subjects with normal and hyposalivation in stimulated SFR were 53 and 74 subjects respectively. The saliva culture resulted with 153, 84, 72, and 100 colonies of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. glabrata. Conclusion:In this study, female subjects were dominant. Most subjects were without systemic disease and with normal SFR. Candida albicans was the most common species found in this study."

"Latar Belakang. Di Indonesia, insiden tumor ginjal menempati urutan ketiga keganasan saluran urogenital pada laki-laki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik demografi, tampilan klinis, laboratorium, staging dan penatalaksanaan yang dilakukan di Di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Metode. Sebuah studi prospektif pada subyek 105 pasien yang didiagnosis tumor ginjal antara tahun 2009 sampai 2013. Pasien dibagi menjadi 2 grup berdasarkan usia : (1) anak, dan (2) dewasa. Hasil. Selama 5 tahun, ditemukan 105 pasien tumor ginjal, anak 41 orang dan dewasa 57 orang. Rata-rata usia pasien tumor ginjal anak adalah 3,76 ± 2,54 tahun, dan rasio laki-laki : perempuan 1,56 : 1. Rata-rata usia pasien tumor ginjal dewasa adalah 49.51±14.08 tahun. Rasio laki-laki : perempuan adalah 1,48 : 1. Tumor paling sering pada anak adalah nefroblastoma 39 kasus (95,1%) dengan keluhan tersering adalah massa (100%). Tumor paling sering pada dewasa adalah RCC, 26 kasus (46,6%), dengan keluhan terbanyak nyeri pinggang 22 kasus (84,6%), keluhan massa 21 kasus (80,8%), hematuria 14 kasus (53,8%). Kesimpulan. Terjadi penurunan kasus nefroblastoma dan peningkatan kasus RCC di RSUP Dr. Sardjito dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Mayoritas pasien RCC pada dekade 4-5 dan nefroblastoma pada usia 3 tahun, dengan rasio laki-laki:perempuan masing-masing 1,56:1 dan 1,48:1.

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Background. In Indonesia, the incidence of kidney tumor was in the 3rd rank after prostate and bladder cancer among the urogenital cancer in men. The objective of this study is to describe demographic characteristic, clinical feature, and treatment of kidney tumor in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.

Methods. A prospective study of 105 subjects whom were diagnosed as kidney tumor between year 2009 to 2013. The subjects were cathegorized into two groups according their age: (1) children, and (2) adults.

Results. There were 105 cases of kidney tumor found over the past 5 years, 41 children cases and 57 adult cases. Mean age of the children was 3,76 ±2,54 years old, and male:female ratio 1,56:1. Mean age of adults were 49,51±14,08 years old. Male:female ratio 1,48:1. Majority of tumor in children were nephroblastoma about 39 cases (95,1%) with symptoms most profound were abdominal mass (100%). Majority of kidney tumor found in adults were RCC (26 cases [46,6%]), with symptoms flank pain (22 cases [84,6%]), palpable mass (21 cases [80,8%]), hematuria (14 cases [53,8%]).

Conclusion. The number of nephroblastoma cases were decreased, meanwhile there was an increase in RCC case number in Dr. Sardjito Hospital for the past 5 years. Majority of RCC patients were in decade 5-6, while in nephroblastoma patients, the majority were 3 years old, with the ratio of male:female 1,56:1 and 1,48:1 respectively."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Perlunya stratifikasi risiko dan evaluasi terapi berkala pada sindrom koroner akut (SKA) terkait mortalitas dan morbiditas di kemudian hari.Petanda biokimia ST2 praktis dan lebih murah, serta tidak dipengaruhi oleh usia,jenis kelamin dan fungsi ginjal. Kadarnya dapat berbeda antar ras, namun belumada data yang menyajikan profil kadar ST2 awal dan penurunan pasca terapidefinitif di Indonesia. Metode: Studi deskriptif longitudinal pada 40 subjek yang diperiksan kadar ST2secara ELISA saat awal dan setelah terapi definitif. Hasil: Didapatkan proporsi kadar ST2 awal <35 ng/mL lebih dominan ( 52,5% vs.47,5%). Kadar ST2 awal tertinggi didapatkan pada IMA-NST, yaitu 46,79 ng/mL(kuartil-1 3,67 ng/mL, dan kuartil-3 102,41 ng/mL) yang memiliki awitan terlama(48 jam). Hipertensi memiliki proporsi tertinggi (91,7%) dan usia berbanding lurusdengan kadar ST2. Proporsi kadar ST2 yang tidak mengalami penurunan sebesar30%, terutama APTS (41,7%) dengan usia rerata 3 tahun lebih tua (58 tahun vs. 55tahun).Simpulan: Didapatkan kadar ST2 <35 ng/mL pada sebagian besar subjek, tertinggipada IMA-NST. Lama awitan, hipertensi dan usia diduga berhubungan dengankadar ST2 awal tinggi. Kadar ST2 pasca terapi menurun pada sebagian besar subjek.ABSTRACT Background: Acute coronary syndrome been a burden for causing high mortality and morbidity, therefore risk stratification and therapy evaluation are needed. Anew biomarker ST2 is practice and less expensive for daily usage and it also doesn?tinfluenced by age, gender, and kidney function. The ST2 value are different in dueto race among countires. There is no data available regarding ST2 baseline and afterdefinitive treatment profile in Indonesia.Method: It is a longitudinal descriptive study that conducted prospectively on 40subjects. The value of ST2 was examined using ELISA methods at baseline andafter definite treatment. Result: The proporsion of baseline ST2 <35 ng/mL are dominan (52,5% vs. 47,5%). The highest of ST2 baseline value are found in NSTEMI-ACS it?s 46,79ng/mL (kuartil-1 3,67 ng/mL, dan kuartil-3 102,41 ng/mL) and it also had thelongest onset of chest pain (48 hours). Hypertension had the highest proporsion(91,7%) and age were proportional to the ST2 value. The proportion of the ST2value that didn?t decreased after therapy were lesser than the decrease (30% vs.70%), especially UAP (41,7%) that had 3 years older ages (58 years old vs. 55 yearsold).Conclusion: Proportion of baseline of ST2 value <35 ng/mL groups were higherthan ST2 level ≥35 ng/mL (52,5% vs. 47,5%), and the highest baseline ST2 levelwere found in NSTEMI-ACS. Onset of angina, hypertension and age were foundto be dominant in patient with early ST2 level ≥35 ng/mL. The ST2 value were decreasing in most of the subject after treatment. ;Background: Acute coronary syndrome been a burden for causing high mortality and morbidity, therefore risk stratification and therapy evaluation are needed. Anew biomarker ST2 is practice and less expensive for daily usage and it also doesn?tinfluenced by age, gender, and kidney function. The ST2 value are different in dueto race among countires. There is no data available regarding ST2 baseline and afterdefinitive treatment profile in Indonesia.Method: It is a longitudinal descriptive study that conducted prospectively on 40subjects. The value of ST2 was examined using ELISA methods at baseline andafter definite treatment. Result: The proporsion of baseline ST2 <35 ng/mL are dominan (52,5% vs. 47,5%). The highest of ST2 baseline value are found in NSTEMI-ACS it?s 46,79ng/mL (kuartil-1 3,67 ng/mL, dan kuartil-3 102,41 ng/mL) and it also had thelongest onset of chest pain (48 hours). Hypertension had the highest proporsion(91,7%) and age were proportional to the ST2 value. The proportion of the ST2value that didn?t decreased after therapy were lesser than the decrease (30% vs.70%), especially UAP (41,7%) that had 3 years older ages (58 years old vs. 55 yearsold).Conclusion: Proportion of baseline of ST2 value <35 ng/mL groups were higherthan ST2 level ≥35 ng/mL (52,5% vs. 47,5%), and the highest baseline ST2 levelwere found in NSTEMI-ACS. Onset of angina, hypertension and age were foundto be dominant in patient with early ST2 level ≥35 ng/mL. The ST2 value were decreasing in most of the subject after treatment. ;Background: Acute coronary syndrome been a burden for causing high mortality and morbidity, therefore risk stratification and therapy evaluation are needed. Anew biomarker ST2 is practice and less expensive for daily usage and it also doesn?tinfluenced by age, gender, and kidney function. The ST2 value are different in dueto race among countires. There is no data available regarding ST2 baseline and afterdefinitive treatment profile in Indonesia.Method: It is a longitudinal descriptive study that conducted prospectively on 40subjects. The value of ST2 was examined using ELISA methods at baseline andafter definite treatment. Result: The proporsion of baseline ST2 <35 ng/mL are dominan (52,5% vs. 47,5%). The highest of ST2 baseline value are found in NSTEMI-ACS it?s 46,79ng/mL (kuartil-1 3,67 ng/mL, dan kuartil-3 102,41 ng/mL) and it also had thelongest onset of chest pain (48 hours). Hypertension had the highest proporsion(91,7%) and age were proportional to the ST2 value. The proportion of the ST2value that didn?t decreased after therapy were lesser than the decrease (30% vs.70%), especially UAP (41,7%) that had 3 years older ages (58 years old vs. 55 yearsold).Conclusion: Proportion of baseline of ST2 value <35 ng/mL groups were higherthan ST2 level ≥35 ng/mL (52,5% vs. 47,5%), and the highest baseline ST2 levelwere found in NSTEMI-ACS. Onset of angina, hypertension and age were foundto be dominant in patient with early ST2 level ≥35 ng/mL. The ST2 value were decreasing in most of the subject after treatment. ;Background: Acute coronary syndrome been a burden for causing high mortality and morbidity, therefore risk stratification and therapy evaluation are needed. Anew biomarker ST2 is practice and less expensive for daily usage and it also doesn?tinfluenced by age, gender, and kidney function. The ST2 value are different in dueto race among countires. There is no data available regarding ST2 baseline and afterdefinitive treatment profile in Indonesia.Method: It is a longitudinal descriptive study that conducted prospectively on 40subjects. The value of ST2 was examined using ELISA methods at baseline andafter definite treatment. Result: The proporsion of baseline ST2 <35 ng/mL are dominan (52,5% vs. 47,5%). The highest of ST2 baseline value are found in NSTEMI-ACS it?s 46,79ng/mL (kuartil-1 3,67 ng/mL, dan kuartil-3 102,41 ng/mL) and it also had thelongest onset of chest pain (48 hours). Hypertension had the highest proporsion(91,7%) and age were proportional to the ST2 value. The proportion of the ST2value that didn?t decreased after therapy were lesser than the decrease (30% vs.70%), especially UAP (41,7%) that had 3 years older ages (58 years old vs. 55 yearsold).Conclusion: Proportion of baseline of ST2 value <35 ng/mL groups were higherthan ST2 level ≥35 ng/mL (52,5% vs. 47,5%), and the highest baseline ST2 levelwere found in NSTEMI-ACS. Onset of angina, hypertension and age were foundto be dominant in patient with early ST2 level ≥35 ng/mL. The ST2 value were decreasing in most of the subject after treatment. "

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang dan tujuan. Penggunaan antibiotik pada akne vulgaris (AV) saat ini dihadapi permasalahan resistensi Propionibacterium acnes (PA) dan bakteri lainyang berperan pada AV. Data pola resistensi AVS dan AVB di RS CiptoMangunkusumo (RSCM) tahun 2006 menunjukkan adanya resistensi PA terhadaperitromisin (63,2%), klindamisin (57,9%), dan tetrasiklin (47,4%). Tidak ditemukanPA yang resisten terhadap doksisiklin maupun minosiklin. Penggunaan antibiotikpada AV dapat menyebabkan perubahan pola resistensi sehingga penelitian inibertujuan memberikan data terbaru mengenai pola bakteri dan resistensinya terhadapantibiotik lini pertama pada AVS dan AVB di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit danKelamin RSCM, yaitu tetrasiklin, doksisiklin, minosiklin, klindamisin daneritromisin. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang.Spesimen untuk kultur dan uji resistensi didapatkan dari ekstraksi komedo tertutupyang selanjutnya dibiakkan secara aerob dan anaerob. Pemeriksaan uji resistensidilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan MIC strip test. Hasil. Dari 91 subjek, bakteri yang ditemukan terdiri atas PA 11,0%, Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE) 50,5%, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) 7,7% dan bakteri lain sebesar40,7% (aerob) dan 19,8% (anaerob). Sebagian kecil PA (10%) resisten terhadaptetrasiklin, klindamisin, dan eritromisin. Tidak ditemukan PA yang resisten terhadapdoksisiklin dan minosiklin. Bakteri SE resisten terhadap eritromisin (65,2%),klindamisin (52,2%), tetrasiklin (32,6%), dan doksisiklin (4,3%). Tidak ditemukanSE yang resisten terhadap minosiklin. Sebagian kecil SA resisten terhadaperitromisin (28,6%), doksisiklin (14,3%) dan klindamisin (14,3%). Tidak ditemukanSA yang resisten terhadap tetrasiklin dan minosiklin. Kesimpulan. Bakteri yang ditemukan pada pasien AVS dan AVB antara lain,Staphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, danStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bakteri paling banyak ditemukan resisten terhadaperitromisin dan ketiga bakteri tersebut seluruhnya masih sensitif terhadap minosiklin. ABSTRACT Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline."

"ABSTRAK Menurut data World Health Organization WHO , penyakit keganasan malignant neoplasms adalah penyebab kematian kedua setelah penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah dengan 8,2 juta kematian pada tahun 2012, 65 diantaranya berada di negara berkembang. Insidens kanker Indonesia, menurut data GLOBOCAN 2012 adalah 122,4 per 100.000 penduduk, namun data-data ini didapatkan dari rerata insidens kanker di Singapura dan Malaysia Penang , sedangkan data kematian kasus kanker didapatkan dari perhitungan statistik analisis kesintasan. Registrasi kanker memiliki peran penting dalam upaya perencanaan dan evaluasi program penanggulangan kanker di masa yang akan datang. Berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM telah ditetapkan sebagai pusat pengendali data kanker Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menunjukkan profil kanker wilayah Jakarta Selatan tahun 2008-2012 dari data kanker DKI Jakarta yang terhimpun di RSCM. Sebanyak 2.939 pasien kanker di wilayah Jakarta Selatan. Laki ndash; laki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan dengan rasio 1 : 1,86. Mayoritas pasien berada pada kelompok usia 45-54 tahun. Sebagian besar pasien datang pada stadium lanjut yaitu stadium 3 dan 4. Lima kanker tersering adalah kanker payudara, kanker serviks uteri, keganasan system hematopoietic dan retikuloendotelial, kanker ovarium dan kanker kelenjar getah bening. Kata Kunci: kanker, profil kanker, registrasi kanker, Jakarta Selatan

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ABSTRACT

According to World Health Organization WHO data, malignant neoplasms are the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease with 8.2 million deaths by 2012, and 65 of which are in developing countries. The incidence of cancer in Indonesia, according to GLOBOCAN 2012 data is 122.4 per 100,000 population, but these data are obtained from the average incidence of cancer in Singapore and Malaysia Penang , while cancer mortality data is obtained from the calculation of survival analysis statistics. Cancer regsitry has an important role in the planning and evaluation of cancer prevention programs in the future. Based on the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital RSCM has appointed as Cancer Registry Control Center in DKI Jakarta Province. This study shows the profile of South Jakarta area cancer in 2008 2012 from DKI Jakarta cancer data collected at RSCM. There were 2,939 cancer patients in South Jakarta area. Male patiens were more than women with a ratio of 1 1.86. The majority of patients are in the 45 54 year age group. Most patients come in advanced stages of stage 3 and 4. The five most common cancers are breast cancer, cervical cancer, hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system, ovarian cancer and lymph node cancer. "