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"Proses identifikasi dan pengenalan emosi seseorang selama ini hanya dapat dilakukan secara langsung dengan melihat raut wajahnya secara langsung dan mengolah raut wajah dari orang tersebut untuk mengerti emosi yang sedang dirasakan. Emosi dari raut wajah seseorang merupakan sesuatu yang paling susah dimengerti dan manfaat dari aplikasi yang dapat mengenali emosi ini dari raut wajah seseorang sangat tinggi. Untuk memenuhi minat yang tinggi atas pengenalan emosi pada raut wajah seseorang, penulis berniat untuk mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi yang dapat mengenali emosi seseorang dari raut wajahnya dengan menggunakan machine learning face recognition. Penulis berniat menggunakan framework CNN sebagai algoritma untuk melakukan machine learning face emotion recognition karena algoritma ini yang paling cocok dan mudah untuk digunakan, serta menggunakan arsitektur EfficientNet karena arsitektur ini merupakan arsitektur pengembangan dari Google yang bersifat opensource dan mudah digunakan karena sudah terintegrasi langsung dengan Keras. Program face emotion recognition ini menggunakan arsitektur EfficientNetB2 dan menggunakan dataset FER2013 berhasil mendapatkan akurasi training di angka 95.55% dan akurasi validasi sebesar 63.71%. Walaupun terjadinya overfitting karena perbedaan akurasi validasi dan training yang besar, akurasi testing dari program ini mendapatkan angka 88.21% dan berhasil mendeteksi 7 kategori emosi yang dihasilkan oleh raut wajah manusia

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The process of identifying and recognizing a person's emotions so far can only be done directly by looking at his face directly and processing the facial expressions of the person to understand the emotions that are being felt. The emotion of a person's facial expression is something that is the most difficult to understand and the benefits of an application that can recognize this emotion from a person's facial expression is very high. To meet the high interest in recognizing emotions on a person's facial expression, the author intends to develop an application that can recognize a person's emotions from his facial expression using machine learning face recognition. The author intends to use the CNN framework as an algorithm to perform machine learning face emotion recognition because this algorithm is the most suitable and easy to use and uses the EfficientNet architecture because this architecture is a development architecture from Google that is open source and easy to use because it is integrated directly with Keras. This face emotion recognition program using the EfficientNetB2 architecture and using the FER2013 dataset managed to get a training accuracy of 95.55% and a validation accuracy of 63.71%. Despite the occurrence of overfitting due to the large difference in validation and training accuracy, the testing accuracy of this program scored 88.21% and succeeded in detecting 7 categories of emotions generated by human facial expressions.

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"Sistem pengenalan wajah dapat memberikan hasil yang tepat pada kondisi wajah normal, tetapi dalam lingkungan yang tidak dibatasi menyebabkan hasil pengenalan wajah menjadi tidak akurat, baik pada verifikasi maupun identifikasi. Salah satu masalah yang sering ditemui dalam sistem pengenalan wajah dan terkait dengan sifat intra-class variance pada wajah adalah pose. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengenalan wajah berdasarkan pose invariant dengan mengimplementasikan Spatial Transformer Netwok (STN) pada arsitektur jaringan ringan MobileFaceNet. STN digunakan sebagai metode penyelarasan wajah untuk menangani variasi pose pada citra input. Berdasarkan evaluasi model, model Single-STN MobileFaceNet memberikan akurasi, AUC dan EER berturut-turut 73.64%, 82.18%, dan 0.2636. Kenaikannya sebesar 1.21% untuk akurasi, 1.56% untuk AUC dan untuk EER turun sebesar 0.0121 dari model Baseline. Penambahan STN pada jaringan ringan MobileFaceNet mempengaruhi hasil verifikasi wajah, tetapi kurang signifikan. Akan tetapi, berdasarkan hasil uji signifikansi McNemar, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dengan adanya metode penyelarasan wajah STN pada model Single-STN MobileFaceNet. Terdapat beberapa kasus pose yang tidak dapat ditangani dengan baik oleh model, seperti pose menengadah atau menengok ke kanan/kiri. Berdasarkan evaluasi robustness model, nilai akurasi, AUC dan EER yang dihasilkan model Single-STN MobileFaceNet berturut-turut 96.86%, 98.51%, 0.0314. Model Single-STN MobileFaceNet termasuk model yang memiliki kinerja baik dalam pengenalan wajah, model mampu membedakan pasangan citra match dan non-match dengan baik pada dataset CFP

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The face recognition system can give precise results in normal facial conditions, but in an unconstrained environment it can result inaccurate face recognition, both in verification and identification. One of the problems that are often encountered in face recognition system and related to intra-class variance on the face is pose. This study aims to perform face recognition based on pose invariant by implementing Spatial Transformer Netwok (STN) on MobileFaceNet lightweight network architecture. STN is used as a face alignment method to handle pose variations in the input image. Based on the evaluation of the model, the Single-STN MobileFaceNet model provides accuracy, AUC and EER of 73.64%, 82.18%, and 0.2636, respectively. The increase is 1.21% for accuracy, 1.56% for AUC and for EER it is down by 0.0121 from the Baseline model. The addition of STN to the MobileFaceNet lightweight network affects the face verification results, but is less significant. However, based on the results of the McNemar significance test, there is no significant difference with the STN face alignment method in the Single-STN MobileFaceNet model. There are some cases of poses that cannot be handled well by the model, such as looking up or looking to the right/left. Based on the evaluation of the robustness of the model, the values ​​of accuracy, AUC and EER generated by the Single-STN MobileFaceNet model are 96.86%, 98.51%, 0.0314, respectively. The Single-STN MobileFaceNet model includes a model that has good performance in face recognition. This model is able to distinguish match and non-match image well on the CFP dataset."

"ABSTRAKIslamofobia di Prancis muncul seiring dengan banyaknya aksi teror oleh kaum militan Islam di dunia dan terus bertambahnya jumlah muslim di Prancis. Sejak saat itu, pemerintah Prancis menerapkan beberapa peraturan terkait Islam dan muslim, seperti peraturan mengenai cara mereka berpakaian. Salah satu dari peraturan tersebut adalah UU No. 2010-1192 11 Oktober 2010 tentang pelarangan penggunaan penutup wajah. Tulisan ini menjelaskan penerapan dan dampak dari UU tersebut sebagai kebijakan pemerintah Prancis dalam menghadapi masalah islamofobia. Nyatanya, UU ini tidak mampu meredam masalah islamofobia di Prancis, tetapi justru meningkatkan angka islamofobia itu sendiri. Hal itu karena semakin banyak isu ini diangkat ke muka publik, semakin banyak pula aksi islamofobia yang terjadi.

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ABSTRACTIslamophobia in France has risen in occurrence following recent terrorism by Islamic militants in the world and increased number of muslim in the nation. Since then, the French government has legitimized several acts pertaining to Islam and muslim, such as regulations on clothing. One of the acts, Act No. 2010 1192 of 10 October 2010, restrict the use of face covering. This paper rsquo s objective is to expound on the practice and the effect of specific Act as a policy for dealing with islamophobia. In reality, this Act has not been able to subside the issue of islamophobia in France but rather has increased the number of islamophobics. This is because the more the issue of islamophobia is raised publicly, the more islamophobia related incidents occurs. "

"ABSTRACTPoliteness, speech act and discourse have become an interest area of language use in context. Attention has been drawn to the universality of politeness strategies across the culture. This study examines the nature of pattern of communication in terms of politeness, speech acts and discourse in sasak speech community. The subject of the studi is 1 Tuan Guru giving religious speech in silkur village. Participantobservaton is used as the method of data collection in this study. A video recording was used to collect data. Result of the study shows that reminding and sugesting are not acts of indicating or threatening addressees' negative face, but possitive strategies used to minimized the threat for adresses' possitive face and negative one as means of saving addressees' negative face. These three variables were interrealted to dechiper the nature of speech pattern of language use in the sasak speech community. the notion of face should be analyzed according to norms and cultural values such acts in different speech communities. Hence, the universality of communicative action and the type of speech act in a given speech community are crucial variable to sctinize the language use in context."

"ABSTRAKPraktik injeksi silikon atau parafin cair untuk memperbaiki penampilan pada hidung masih marak. Di lain pihak, rekonstruksi hidung parafinoma untuk mengembalikan ke bentuk normal sulit dicapai. Data objektif mengenai karakter distorsi pada hidung parafinoma dapat berguna untuk menjadi data awal sebagai pembanding untuk evaluasi hasil rekonstruksi hidung parafinoma. Studi ini memanfaatkan Mirror Stand MirS untuk mengambil foto wajah 30 subjek dengan parafinoma hidung. Ukuran fotogrametrik dikonversi menjadi ukuran morfometrik. Hasil pengukuran kemudian dianalisis untuk mendapatkan ciri distorsi dari hidung parafinoma. Ukuran meliputi intercanthal width, nasal root width,alar width,two tip defining points distance,nasofrontal angle,length of the nose radix to pronasion ,nasofacial angle,nasion projection,pronasion projection,tip angle,nasolabial angle,columella length,the extend of extended columella danbase of the nose width.Hidung parafinoma memiliki ciri sebagai berikut; nasal root yang lebar 2.70 0.30 cm ;jarak two-tip defining pointsyang lebar 2.09 0.22 cm , nasion projectionyang lebar 0.64 0.36 cm , nasolabial angleyang sempit 78.81 15.93 , kolumela yang menggantung 0.47 0.31 cm dan porsi lobular dari tip hidung yang panjang 1.12 0.20 cm .

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ABSTRACTThe practice of injecting liquid silicone or paraffin at the nose for aesthetic purposes still continues today. On the other hand, normal apearance after reconstruction in nose paraffinoma is very difficult to achieve. The objective data regarding distortion characteristic in nose paraffinoma could be use as basic data to assess outcome of reconstruction in paraffinoma nose.Portable Mirror Stand MirS device is used to take standardized facial photographs of 30 patients with paraffinoma of the nose. Photogrammetrics measurements were then converted to morphometric measurement. The result was then analyzed to formulate the distortion characteristic of nose paraffinoma. Basic measurements included intercanthal width, nasal root width, alar width, two tip defining points distance, nasofrontal angle, length of the nose radix to pronasion , nasofacial angle, nasion projection, pronasion projection, tip angle, nasolabial angle, columella length, the extend of extended columella and base of the nose width. Paraffinoma nose has the following characteristics wide nasal root base 2.70 0.30 cm wide two tip defining point rsquo s distance 2.09 0.22 cm wide nasion projection 0.64 0.36 cm , acute nasolabial angle 78.81 15.93 hanging columella 0.47 0.31 cm and long lobular portion of the tip 1.12 0.20 cm . "

"Praktik injeksi silikon atau parafin cair untuk memperbaiki penampilan pada hidung masih marak. Di lain pihak, rekonstruksi hidung parafinoma untuk mengembalikan ke bentuk normal sulit dicapai. Data objektif mengenai karakter distorsi pada hidung parafinoma dapat berguna untuk menjadi data awal sebagai pembanding untuk evaluasi hasil rekonstruksi hidung parafinoma. Studi ini memanfaatkan Mirror Stand MirS untuk mengambil foto wajah 30 subjek dengan parafinoma hidung. Ukuran fotogrametrik dikonversi menjadi ukuran morfometrik. Hasil pengukuran kemudian dianalisis untuk mendapatkan ciri distorsi dari hidung parafinoma. Ukuran meliputi intercanthal width, nasal root width, alar width, two tip defining points distance, nasofrontal angle, length of the nose radix to pronasion, nasofacial angle, nasion projection, pronasion projection, tip angle, nasolabial angle, columella length, the extend of extended columella danbase of the nose width. Hidung parafinoma memiliki ciri sebagai berikut; nasal root yang lebar (2.70 ± 0.30 cm); jarak two-tip defining pointsyang lebar (2.09 ± 0.22 cm), nasion projectionyang lebar (0.64 ± 0.36 cm), nasolabial angleyang sempit (78.81 ± 15.93), kolumela yang menggantung (0.47 ± 0.31 cm) dan porsi lobular dari tip hidung yang panjang (1.12 ± 0.20 cm).

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The practice of injecting liquid silicone or paraffin at the nose for aesthetic purposes still continues today. On the other hand, normal apearance after reconstruction in nose paraffinoma is very difficult to achieve. The objective data regarding distortion characteristic in nose paraffinoma could be use as basic data to assess outcome of reconstruction in paraffinoma nose.Portable Mirror Stand MirS device is used to take standardized facial photographs of 30 patients with paraffinoma of the nose. Photogrammetrics measurements were then converted to morphometric measurement. The result was then analyzed to formulate the distortion characteristic of nose paraffinoma. Basic measurements included intercanthal width, nasal root width, alar width, two tip defining points distance, nasofrontal angle, length of the nose radix to pronasion, nasofacial angle, nasion projection, pronasion projection, tip angle, nasolabial angle, columella length, the extend of extended columella and base of the nose width. Paraffinoma nose has the following characteristics; wide nasal root base (2.70 ± 0.30 cm); wide two-tip defining point rsquo;s distance (2.09 ± 0.22 cm); wide nasion projection (0.64 ± 0.36 cm), acute nasolabial angle (78.81 ± 15.93 cm) hanging columella (0.47 ± 0.31 cm) and long lobular portion of the tip (1.12 ± 0.20 cm). "

"The uncertainty that researchers face in specifying their estimation model threatens the validity of their inferences. In regression analyses of observational data, the 'true model' remains unknown, and researchers face a choice between plausible alternative specifications. Robustness testing allows researchers to explore the stability of their main estimates to plausible variations in model specifications. This highly accessible book presents the logic of robustness testing, provides an operational definition of robustness that can be applied in all quantitative research, and introduces readers to diverse types of robustness tests. Focusing on each dimension of model uncertainty in separate chapters, the authors provide a systematic overview of existing tests and develop many new ones. Whether it be uncertainty about the population or sample, measurement, the set of explanatory variables and their functional form, causal or temporal heterogeneity, or effect dynamics or spatial dependence, this book provides guidance and offers tests that researchers from across the social sciences can employ in their own research."

"Esai ini membahas berbagai ekspresi strategi teguran oleh 10 mahasiswa dan 10 mahasiswi FIB UI dan mengidentifikasi strategi yang disukai oleh masing-masing gender yang dilakukan dalam kuesioner dengan pertanyaan terbuka. Dengan menggunakan strategi kesantunan Brown dan Levinson, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa wanita menggunakan berbagai strategi dalam situasi-situasi yang berbeda, sementara pria menegur secara langsung tanpa menghiraukan kepada siapa mereka berbicara. Wanita lebih sadar akan kepekaan pendengar dan enggan menegur karena konsep kesopanan teguran terhadap mitra tutur yang lebih tua, dan mereka cenderung untuk menegur lebih dibanding pria ketika mereka berada di posisi yang lebih tinggi daripada mitra tuturnya. Studi ini kemudian mendukung bahwa perbedaan teguran antara wanita dan pria terletak pada adanya atau tidak adanya kemauan dan kemampuan untuk menegur.

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This essay examines various expressions of reprimanding strategies by 10 male and 10 female students in FIB UI and identifies the strategies preferred by each gender conducted in open-answered questionnaire. Using Brown and Levinson politeness strategy, this study reveals that women use various strategies in different situations while men reprimand directly regardless to whom they are talking to. Women are more aware of hearer’s sensitivity and are reluctant to reprimand due to the concept of politeness of not reprimanding the older, and they tend to reprimand more than men when they are in higher position than the hearers.The study then supports that the difference between women’s and men’s reprimanding laid on the will and the capability of the absence of reprimanding."