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"Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan pemakaian istilah dan kata. Dengan mendeskripsikan istilah dan kata melalui contoh-contoh yang diambil dari media massa cetak berupa bahan ajar atau majalah dapat diketahui perbedaan dan persamaan antara istilah dan kata. Istilah merupakan bentuk kosakata yang khusus, yang digunakan dalam bidang ilmu tertentu, sedangkan kata lebih bersifat umum dan dapat digunakan secara umum, tidak berkaitan dengan bidang ilmu tertentu. Persamaannya baik kata maupun istilah merupakan kosakata yang diperlukan seseorang dalam berkomunikasi baik dalam bentuk lisan maupun tulisan."

"This study is aimed to explore a construction in Indonesian that contains clause relations linked without any conjunction. The construction is traditionally called asyndetic construction. The discussions about clause relations in Indonesian have been generally emphasized on the use of conjunctions as clause relation markers. Some grammarians have actually also discussed the use of asyndetic construction in Indonesian, such as Mees (1949), Fokker (1951), Lapoliwa (1999), Kridalaksana (l985 and 1999), and Baryadi (2000). However, the discussions were only some parts of the wider topics. It should also be noted that the term of asyndetic construction has not been sharpened during the discussions. This study, therefore, is expected to sharpen the concept.By applying the Systemic Functional Grammar by Halliday (1994), which underlies the theoretical framework of this study, this study is focused on three discussions- Those are (i) the features of asyndetic construction in Indonesian, (ii) the production rules of asyndetic construction, and (ii) the relation between the use of asyndetic construction and certain language styles, especially journalistic style, which productively use the construction. As the lindings of this study, related to the features of the asyndetic construction, it is found that there are three types of asyndetic construction in Indonesian, which are (i) paratactic-asyndetic construction, (ii) hypotactic-asyndetic construction, and (iii) embedded-asyndetic construction. There are two main rules of the construction production, namely the clause joining and the logical meaning of clause relations. The clause joining shows a strategy of asyndetic construction forming based on the syntactical core functions. The logical meaning of clause relations shows a strategy of clause relation composing between main clause and main clause, dependent clause and dependent clause, and embedded clause and nominal group.Concerning the features of asyndetic construction in Indonesian, the paratactic-asyndetic construction is formed by three ways, which are linking, juxtaposition, and juxtaposition-linking. The hypotactic-asyndetic construction is formed by subordination. The embedded-asyndetic construction is formed by rank-shifting.Meanwhile, the logical meaning of clause relations can also be identified. The logical meanings of clause relations in paratactic-asyndetic construction are divided into two groups, which are expansion and projection. The expansion can be divided into (i) elaboration, which covers exposition, exemplitication, and clarification, (ii) extension, which covers addition and polar alternation, and (iii) enhancement, which covers temporal, causal, and conditional relations. The projection can be divided into locution and idea projection. The logical meanings of clause relations in hypotactic-asyndetic construction are also divided into two groups, which are expansion and projection. The expansion is only found in the form of enhancement, which covers temporal, causal, manner, purposive, conditional, and concessive relations. The projection covers both locution and idea projection. The logical meanings of clause relations in embedded-asyndetic construction are divided into expansion an projection. The expansion can be divided into elaboration, which is only found in the fonn exemplification, and enhancement, which is only in the form of purposive relation. The projection is only in the form of idea proj ection, which covers sense and cognition relations.Related to the language style, this study explores data that is not limited to a certain style. The large ntunber of data obtained from joumalistic style, especially hom printed mass media, shows at least that the asyndetic construction becomes one of the special characteristics of the journalistic style. The high frequency of the construction use in the journalistic style is mainly caused by literal translation, e.g. literal translation from participial construction in English, as the source language, into hypotactic-asyndetic construction in Indonesian, as the target language."

"Tes Evaluasi Belajar Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing Tingkat 1 (TEB BIPA 1) merupakan tes capaian akademik untuk mengukur pencapaian pemelajar dalam pemelajaran bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa asing. Sebagai purwarupa, TEB BIPA 1 memerlukan tinjauan kritis yang komprehensif. Tulisan ini meninjau secara kritis mengenai penggunaan tes dengan menganalisis penerapan prinsip fairness dan prinsip justice dalam kerangka pendekatan berbasis etik (Kunnan, 2018). Tulisan ini menggunakan semua bagian pengujian mencakup menyimak, membaca, menulis, dan berbicara. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup studi dokumentasi dari naskah tes, kisi- kisi, kurikulum acuan, hasil uji coba, laman BIPA Daring, dan petunjuk teknis pengembangan tes. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan kerangka pendekatan berbasis etik Kunnan dengan menganalisis penerapan prinsip fairness yang mencakup analisis klaim mengenai (1) kesempatan belajar, (2) kebermaknaan, (3) ketiadaan bias, dan (4) aksesibilitas serta penerapan prinsip justice yang mencakup analisis klaim mengenai (1) washback dan konsekuensi, serta (2) nilai positif dan keadilan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa TEB BIPA 1 dilihat dari penerapan prinsip fairness memenuhi sebagian kriteria pada klaim kesempatan belajar, kebermaknaan, dan ketiadaan bias. Dua kriteria dalam klaim aksesibilitas tidak terpenuhi. Selain itu, dalam penerapan prinsip justice, TEB BIPA 1 memenuhi kriteria washback dan konsekuensi tetapi tidak memenuhi kriteria subklaim nilai positif dan keadilan. Dalam memenuhi klaim tersebut, diperlukan tindak lanjut dari pengembang seperti pada penyusunan dokumen bahan persiapan, publikasi, penyelenggaraan, dan prosedur sanggahan serta penelitian lanjutan pada butir soal (mencakup kalibrasi butir tes, analisis fungsi item pembeda, analisis proses kognitif) dan studi mengenai washback dari berbagai sudut pandang pemangku kepentingan.

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Tes Evaluasi Belajar Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing Tingkat 1 (TEB BIPA 1) is a test for measuring learners’ achievement in learning Indonesian as a foreign language. The test is currently in development, and this review seeks to investigate the overall evaluation of TEB BIPA 1 using Kunnan’s (2018) recent model of evaluating test fairness under an ethics-based approach. This review used a set of receptive and productive skill tests as analysis units covering listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections. The data was collected through a document study of the test script, test specifications, reference curriculum, pilot test results, BIPA Daring webpage, and technical instructions for test development. The data was analyzed using Kunnan’s ethics-based approach which examines the principle of fairness containing claims analyses of (1) learning opportunity, (2) test meaningfulness, (3) the absence of bias, and (4) accessibility and the principle of justice containing claims analyses of (1) washback and consequences, and (2) positive values and just. TEB BIPA 1 fulfils some of the criteria for claims of learning opportunity, test meaningfulness, and the absence of bias. Two criteria in the claim of accessibility were not met. Furthermore, TEB BIPA 1 meets the requirements for claims of washback and consequences but doesn’t meet the requirements for claims of positive values and just. Thus, the developer needs to fulfil the claims by issuing documents regarding preparation, publication, administration, and response to challenges and conducting further researches such as item analysis (item test calibration, differentiate item function analysis, analysis of cognitive process) and analysis of washback from various stakeholder perspectives."