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"Midfacial rejuvenation is a comprehensive review of the majority of procedures and options for midfacial aesthetic and corrective surgery. Each contributor offers a unique approach to the midfacial area, with detailed specifics for every technique. Chapters on midfacial anatomy, complications and their management complete the comprehensive coverage of the subject matter, resulting in a reference text that will benefit every practitioner dealing with the midfacial region. Features, one of the first books to focus exclusively on the midfacial area, highly illustrated and with clear, step-by-step instructions on performing a variety of midface lifts, implants, sutures, grafts, and fillers, over 300 full color images, includes in-depth chapters on midfacial anatomy and the anatomic basis of aging, multiple approaches to midfacial rejuvenation by well-known surgeons in fields such as oculoplastics, facial plastics, general plastics, and dermatologists."

"Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a comprehensive guide to the field for trainee dental students. The book covers basic procedures performed in general practice, as well as more advanced and complex surgical management techniques in the hospital environment. Presented in an easy to follow format, the text is divided into twelve sections, each discussing different oral and maxillofacial disorders, their diagnosis and appropriate medical and surgical management techniques. The final sections offer trainees advice on thesis writing and seminar presentation, and quick reference appendices describe commonly prescribed investigations in surgical practices, their values and interpretation. Photographs and drawings show various clinical conditions and demonstrate basic surgical techniques. Salient points for each topic are highlighted in text boxes, along with extensive referencing in every chapter. Key points * Comprehensive guide to oral and maxillofacial surgery for trainee dental students * Covers basic and advanced medical and surgical management techniques * Includes advice on thesis writing and seminar presentation * Includes more than 1200 clinical photographs, drawings and tables."

"Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a comprehensive guide to the field for trainee dental students. The book covers basic procedures performed in general practice, as well as more advanced and complex surgical management techniques in the hospital environment. Presented in an easy to follow format, the text is divided into twelve sections, each discussing different oral and maxillofacial disorders, their diagnosis and appropriate medical and surgical management techniques. The final sections offer trainees advice on thesis writing and seminar presentation, and quick reference appendices describe commonly prescribed investigations in surgical practices, their values and interpretation. Photographs and drawings show various clinical conditions and demonstrate basic surgical techniques. Salient points for each topic are highlighted in text boxes, along with extensive referencing in every chapter. Key points * Comprehensive guide to oral and maxillofacial surgery for trainee dental students * Covers basic and advanced medical and surgical management techniques * Includes advice on thesis writing and seminar presentation * Includes more than 1200 clinical photographs, drawings and tables."

"ABSTRAKWajah merupakan suatu informasi biometrik yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan identitas seseorang. Ukuran, bentuk, dan struktur wajah seseorang hampir tidak berubah sehingga cenderung stabil dan dapat digunakan sebagai masukan untuk mengenali seseorang.Unjuk kerja sebuah algoritme pengenalan wajah ditentukan oleh akurasi pengenalan wajah dan dinyatakan dalam persen akurasi pengenalan. Semakin besar nilai persen akurasi pengenalan wajah, maka semakin baik algoritme pengenalan wajah tersebut.Akurasi pengenalan wajah sangat dipengaruhi oleh deskriptor ciri yang merepresentasikan sebuah citra wajah dan desain pengklasifikasi. Perancangan deskriptor ciri citra wajah yang robust dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti variasi pencahayaan, variasi pose, variasi ekspresi, resolusi citra wajah, jenis kelamin, ras, dan lain-lain.Untuk pengenalan wajah tradisional, biasanya faktor-faktor ini sedapat mungkin diatur agar akurasi pengenalan wajah lebih baik dalam tahap pencocokan. Tetapi untuk kondisi pengenalan wajah yang riil, dimana faktor-faktor di atas tidak dapat dikendalikan, seperti pencahayaan yang sangat kurang, pose yang tidak frontal, resolusi citra yang rendah, ekspresi yang variatif, maka diperlukan deskriptor wajah yang dapat mengakomodir kondisi-kondisi ini agar akurasi pengenalan wajah tetap baik.Disertasi ini mengusulkan pengembangan algoritme SCAN sebagai deskriptor wajah ciri lokal baru untuk meningkatkan akurasi pengenalan wajah yang disebabkan oleh variasi pencahayaan dan resolusi citra wajah yang rendah. Selain itu, suatu algoritme baru untuk menggabungkan Transformasi Fourier Diskrit sebagai deskriptor wajah ciri global dengan salah satu deskriptor wajah ciri lokal yang ada, yaitu LBP/LDiP/LDNP juga diusulkan di dalam disertasi ini untuk mengatasi persoalan pengenalan wajah akibat variasi pose, variasi ekspresi, dan adanya oklusi.Untuk simulasi pengenalan wajah karena variasi pencahayaan yang dilakukan pada Yale Face Database B, didapati deskriptor lokal berbasis teknik SCAN memiliki akurasi pengenalan sebesar 59,56 , dibandingkan PCA 4,74 , LDA 17,48 , LBP 12,37 , dan MLBP 45,33 . Untuk simulasi citra wajah dengan resolusi yang rendah pada database yang sama, algoritme SCAN memiliki akurasi pengenalan 44,34 , sedangkan PCA 20,44 , LDA 35,39 , LBP 3,68 , dan MLBP 44,08 .Untuk simulasi menggunakan database ORL, akurasi pengenalan wajah karena variasi pose, ekspresi, dan adanya oklusi secara acak menggunakan kombinasi DFT dan LBP menggungguli deskriptor global PCA dan LDA serta deskriptor lokal LBP, LDiP,LDNP untuk citra wajah mulai dari jumlah citra latih sebanyak tiga untuk tiap subyek. Selain itu, algoritme penggabungan deskriptor global DFT dengan deskriptor lokal LBP atau LDiP atau LDNP menghindarkan fenomena peaking di dalam penambahan citra latih untuk pengenalan wajah karena variasi pose, ekspresi, dan adanya oklusi secara acak.

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ABSTRACTA face is an information that attached to a person and always be with the person every time. The size, shape, and structure of a person 39 s face is virtually unchanged, which tends to be stable and can be used as input to recognize a person.The performance of a face recognition algorithm depends on the recognition rate and is usually expressed in percentage. The higher the recognition rate, the better the algorithm. The recognition rate is affected by a feature descriptor and a classifier design. Several factors such as illumination variation, pose variation, expression variation, face image resolution, sex, race, etc, should be considered to design a robust face descriptor.For traditional face recogntion, these factors were well controlled in order to get a better recognition rate at matching phase. However, for real problem face recognition, where these factors were difficult to be controlled, such as for very low intensities, non frontal pose, low resolution face image, diverse expressions, then it is important to carefully design a face descriptor that may accomodate these situations to get a better recognition rate.This dissertation propose the SCAN algorithm as a new local feature descriptor to improve face recognition accuracy caused by intensities variation and low resolution of a facial image. In addition, a new algorithm that combine Fourier Discrete Transform as a global feature descriptors with one of the existing local characteristic descriptors, LBP LDiP LDNP was also proposed in this dissertation to address facial recognition problems due to variation of pose, variation of expression, and the presence of occlusion.For facial recognition simulations due to variations of lighting performed at Yale Face Database B, local SCAN based descriptor has an recognition accuracy of 59.56 , compared to PCA 4.74 , LDA 17.48 , LBP 12 , 37 , and MLBP 45.33 . For simulation of low resolution images on the same database, SCAN algorithm has an accuracy of 44.34 , while PCA 20.44 , LDA 35.39 , LBP 3.68 , and MLBP 44.08 .For simulations using the ORL database, the face recognition accuracy due to variations of random pose, expression, and occlusion using a combination of DFT and LBP outperformed global descriptors PCA and LDA as well as local descriptors LBP, LDiP, LDNP for face images starting from three face images as the training face images for each subject. In addition, the algorithm that combine DFT global descriptor with LBP or LDiP or LDNP as local descriptors avoids peaking phenomena along with the increasing of training images for face recognition due to variations of random pose, expression, and occlusion."

"Offers complete coverage of maxillofacial trauma highlighted by an unparalleled collection of outstanding, full-color photographs, and highly detailed line drawings that clarify surgical procedures. Addresses secondary surgery in a dedicated section, covering such topics as facial scar management; secondary osteotomies and bone grafting to correct deformities; bone distraction, used commonly with congenital malformations; secondary rhinoplasty for traumatic nasal deformities, which are associated with a variety of cosmetic and functional issues; secondary orbital surgery; facial nerve injuries; and psychological support for patient with facial trauma. Features an outstanding, full-color art program, with more than 750 color photos that cover all aspects of injury and treatment, and 250 color line drawings that walk you step by step through surgical procedures. Includes contributions from a "who's who" list of international experts in oral and maxillofacial surgery, psychology, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and craniofacial surgery. Relates brain injury to the overall management of the face for both function and esthetics. Contains updated guidelines on facial fractures, expanded information on psychological problems following facial trauma, and a new chapter on pediatric trauma."

"Summary:Orthognathic Surgery: Principles, Planning and Practice is a definitive clinical guide to orthognathic surgery, from initial diagnosis and treatment planning to surgical management and postoperative care"

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Berbagai metode pengembangan rekognisi citra wajah telah banyak dilakukan, berbagai metode seperti Deep Learning, Multilayer Perceptron sudah dilakukan. Metode Convolutional Neural Network juga sudah banyak dikembangkan untuk melakukan klasifikasi citra seperti rekognisi jenis bunga, hewan, hingga pendeteksian kecacatan sel. Convolutional Neural Network diharapkan mampu melakukan rekognisi citra wajah secara tiga dimensi. Operasi konvolusi sebagai bagian ekstraksi fitur pada Convolutional Neural Network, diharapkan dapat membantu bagian klasifikasi untuk melakukan tugasnya dengan lebih baik. Rekognisi citra wajah secara tiga dimensi ini sangat dibutuhkan, karena ketika kita ingin mendeteksi seseorang tanpa diketahui orang tersebut, maka dengan berbagai macam sudut hadap wajahnya sistem harus dapat mengidentifikasi orang tersebut. Untuk penelitian kali ini saya akan menggunakan dataset gambar wajah tiga dimensi yang akan digunakan sebagai klasifikasi parameter biometrik seseorang. Pada penelitian ini akan menganalisa tiap-tiap lapisan pada Convolutional Neural Network, serta melakukan perbandingan dengan Backpropagation Neural Network. Dan juga akan melakukan analisa dengan menggunakan citra wajah berderau.

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Various methods of developing facial image recognition have been carried out, various methods such as Deep Learning and Radial Basis Function Neural Network have been carried out. Convolutional Neural Network methods have also been developed to carry out image classifications such as recognition of types of flowers, animals, and detection of cell defects. Convolutional Neural Network is expected to be able to recognize facial images in three dimensions. Convolution operations as a feature extraction part of the Convolutional Neural Network are expected to help the classification section to do their job better. Three-dimensional face image recognition is needed, because when we want to detect someone without knowing by the person, then with a variety of face angles, the system must be able to identify that person. For this research I will use a three-dimensional face image dataset that will be used as a classification of a persons biometric parameters. In this study, we will analyze each layer in the Convolutional Neural Network, do a comparison with Backpropagation Neural Network. And also will do the analysis by using a noisy face image.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana hukum medis dan etika kedokteran itu berlaku di Indonesia mengatur operasi plastik, rekonstruksi wajah total dan hukum tanggung jawab dokter dan rumah sakit yang melakukan operasi rekonstruksi wajah, dengan menganalisis praktik total rekonstruksi wajah Pasien X yang dilakukan di RSUP dr Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga. Bentuk penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah normatif penelitian yuridis dengan penelitian deskriptif. Secara hukum, operasi rekonstruksi wajah diatur dalam beberapa pasal yang tercantum dalam UU No. 36 tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Dilihat dari kode etik kesehatan yang berlaku di Indonesia, praktik facial Rekonstruksi termasuk dalam pelayanan kesehatan kuratif, yaitu kegiatan dan / atau aserangkaian kegiatan medis yang bertujuan menyembuhkan penyakit. Dalam praktiknya total wajah rekonstruksi Pasien X, unsur kerusakan yang diderita pasien bukanlah a akibat kelalaian dokter karena dokter telah melaksanakan kewajibannya untuk berjuang untuk mengubah bentuk dan meningkatkan fungsi wajah Pasien X, sehingga menjadi dokter tidak bisa dimintai pertanggungjawaban dalam hukum perdata. Teori sentral paling tepat tanggung jawab digunakan dalam menentukan tanggung jawab rumah sakit atas tindakan rekonstruksi dokter dalam praktek rekonstruksi wajah, karena di operasi rekonstruktif, terutama kasus-kasus sulit memerlukan banyak ahli dari berbagai bidang disiplin ilmu, dan rumah sakit dapat menggunakan konselor dan dokter yang tidak terus berlatih di rumah sakit. Diperlukan peraturan yang memadai untuk mengatur rekonstruksi wajah sebagai diuraikan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan.

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This study aims to analyze how the medical law and medical ethics apply in Indonesia regulating plastic surgery, total facial reconstruction and the legal responsibilities of doctors and hospitals that perform facial reconstruction surgery, by analyzing the total practice of facial reconstruction in Patient X which is carried out in RSUP from Hospital Airlangga University. The form of research used in this study is juridical normative research with descriptive research. Legally, facial reconstruction operations are regulated in several articles listed in Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health. Judging from the health code of ethics that applies in Indonesia, the practice of facial Reconstruction is included in curative health services, namely activities and / or a a series of medical activities aimed at curing diseases. In practice the total facial reconstruction of Patient X, the element of damage suffered by the patient is not due to the negligence of the doctor because the doctor has carried out his obligation to struggle to change the shape and improve the facial function of Patient X, so that becoming a doctor cannot be held accountable in civil law. The most appropriate central theory of responsibility is used in determining the hospital's responsibility for physician reconstruction actions in the practice of facial reconstruction, because in reconstructive surgery, especially difficult cases require many experts from various disciplines, and hospitals can use counselors and doctors who do not continue to practice in the hospital. Adequate regulations are needed to regulate facial reconstruction as described in Government Regulations and Minister of Health Regulations."

"Face recognition is one of the most important technologies, which has been well-developed over the last two decades. Face recognition technology has reached a level of utmost importance as the security issues increase worldwide. Most of the previously proposed systems, based on half face images are computationally slow and require more storage. In the proposed model, an average half face image is used for recognition to reduce computational time and storage requirements. The Viola Jones method is used in conjunction with intensity-based registration for real time face detection and registration, before splitting the full face. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to compress the multi-dimensional data space and recognition. Experimental results clearly elaborate that half face recognition produces much better results as compared to the full face recognition and other previously proposed half face recognition models."

"ABSTRAKPermasalahan-permasalahan seperti penuaan kulit, kulit kering, hiperpigmentasi, kulit berjerawat membutuhkan produk perawatan yang sesuai. Produk-produk seperti krim siang, krim malam, tabir surya, serum, essence, masker dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut. Masker merupakan salah satu produk perawatan kulit yang dapat meningkatkan hidrasi, memiliki kadar zat aktif lebih banyak dan memberi efek lebih cepat dibanding produk lainnya serta lebih praktis digunakan. Centella asiatica merupakan salah tanaman yang memiliki banyak khasiat. Manfaat utama dari ekstrak Centella asiatica adalah sebagai agen antiaging, antiinflamasi, antioksidan, meningkatkan produksi kolagen dan dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Dalam pemanfaatannya, terdapat masalah dari zat aktif terkandung terkait penetrasi ke kulit. Penghantaran seperti nanopartikulat lipid dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi dari asiatikosida dan madekasosida. Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam terkait penerapan nanopartikulat lipid dalam masker mengandung ekstrak Centella asiatica. Nanopartikulat lipid yang dapat diterapkan dalam masker antaralain adalah liposom, nanoemulsi, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) dan Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC). Penerapan nanopartikulat lipid tersebut dapat dipadukan dengan produk masker guna meningkatkan hidrasi, efektivitas dan penetrasi melalui kulit dari asiatikosida dan madekasosida.

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ABSTRACT

Skin problems such as skin aging, dry skin, hyperpigmentation, acne prone skin require skin treatment products. Skincare products that could be applied are day or night cream, sunscreen, serum, essence, and facemask. Facemask or mask is one of many treatment choices, that could hydrating the skin, has more active substances levels, and give faster effect than the other products, also easier to use. Centella asiatica is one beneficial plant. Centella asiaticas extract has anti-aging, antioxidant and anti-inflammation activity, also increase collagen production, and accelerate wound healing. But there are problems in contained active substances penetration through the skin. Lipid nanoparticulates delivery system can be applied to increase penetration of asiaticoside and madecassoside. This review article aims to study about the application of lipid nanoparticulates in Centella asiatica masks. Lipid nanoparticulates that could be applied in the mask are nanoemulsion, liposoms, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. This combination of lipid nanoparticulates in masks can maximize skin hydration and improve penetration of asiaticoside and madecassoside through the skin."