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"The book entitled Advancements in Smart City and Intelligent Building is the Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart City and Intelligent Building (ICSCIB 2018) held in Hefei, China, September 15-16, 2018. It contains 58 papers in total categorized into 8 different tracks, on Building Energy Efficiency, Construction Robot and Automation, Intelligent Community and Urban Safety, Intelligentialization of Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning System, Information Technology and Intelligent Transportation Systems, New Generation Intelligent Building Platform Techniques, Smart Home and Utility, and Smart Underground Space, which cover a wide range areas of smart cities and intelligent buildings.ICSCIB2018 provided an international forum for professionals, academics, and researchers to present the latest developments from interdisciplinary theoretical studies, computational algorithm developments and engineering applications in smart cities and smart buildings. This academic event featured many opportunities to network with colleagues from around the world in a wonderful environment. Its program covered invitation and presentations from scientists, researchers, and practitioners who have been working in the related areas to establish platforms for collaborative research projects in these fields. The conference invited leaders from industry and academia to exchange and share their experiences, present research results, explore collaborations and to spark new ideas, with the aim of developing new projects and exploiting new technology in these fields, and bridge theoretical studies and emerging applications in various science and engineering branches."

"The significant motion sensor is a new sensor that promises motion detection at low power consumption. Despite that promise, no known research has explored the usage of this sensor, especially in mobile sensing research. In this study, we explore the utilization of this significant motion sensor for continuous motion and location sampling in a mobile sensing application. A location sensor is known for its expensive power consumption in retrieving the location data, and continuously sampling from it will quickly deplete a smartphone battery. We experiment with two sampling strategies that utilize this significant motion sensor to achieve low power consumption during continuous sampling. One strategy involves utilizing the sensor naively, while the other involves combining with the duty cycle. Both strategies achieve low energy consumption, but the one that combines with the duty cycle achieves lower energy consumption. By utilizing this sensor, mobile sensing research especially that samples data from location or motion sensors, will be able to achieve lower energy consumption."

"Emisi karbon dioksida merupakan permasalahan pemanasan global saat ini, peningkatan emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) pada negara berkembang setiap tahunnya harus menjadi perhatian yang serius. Disatu sisi negara di benua Eropa telah berhasil dalam menurunkan emisi CO2. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi baik peningkatan maupun penurunan emisi CO2. Studi ini menganalisis pengaruh efisiensi energi dan pemanfaatan energi baru terbarukan terhadap emisi CO2 negara G20. Metode estimasi yang digunakan untuk analisis adalah Least Square dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Tipe data panel periode 2000-2013 dan unit cross section negara G20. Pengujian model dan metode menggunakan uji-uji statistik yang relevan dengan bantuan tools Eviews 8. Hasil studi menunjukkan efisiensi energi dan energi baru terbarukan berpengaruh negatif terhadap emisi CO2. Jumlah populasi penduduk dan PDB per kapita berpengaruh positif terhadap emisi CO2. Efisiensi energi dan pemanfaatan energi baru terbarukan secara umum berpengaruh dalam mengurangi emisi CO2.

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Carbon dioxide emissions is the problem of global warming, an increase in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) in developing countries every year should be a serious concern. On one side of the country in the continent of Europe has succeeded in reducing CO2 emissions. There are several factors that affect both the increase and decrease in CO2 emissions.

This study analyzes the effects of energy efficiency and use of renewable energy to CO2 emissions of the G20 countries. The estimation method used for the analysis is the Least Square to approach Fixed Effect Model (FEM). 2000-2013 period panel data type and unit cross section of the G20 countries. Testing models and methods of using tests relevant statistics with the help of tools Eviews 8.

The study shows the energy efficiency and renewable energy negative effect on CO2 emissions. Total population and GDP per capita positive effect on CO2 emissions. Energy efficiency and utilization of renewable energy generally, effect in reducing CO2 emissions."

"Transformator tenaga merupakan salah satu bagian penting dalam sistem tenaga listrik dan memiliki rugi-rugi yang merupakan bagian dari biaya energi listrik. Pengadaan transformator yang hanya mempertimbangkan biaya pembelian awal saja menjadi tidak ekonomis dalam siklus hidupnya. Dalam pengadaan transformator tenaga total biaya kepemilikan sangat penting untuk dihitung dan dianalisis sebagai dasar pembuatan spesifikasi dan rancangannya agar mendapatkan biaya yang paling optimum. Dalam proses pengadaan dan desain transformator, paramater optimum tidak hanya ditentukan oleh parameter desain dan biaya paling rendah, namun dipengaruhi oleh biaya material, rugi-rugi dan pengoperasiannya. Optimasi desain dan perhitungan total biaya kepemilikan dari transformator sangat penting, agar tercapai produk yang ekonomis dan handal.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk studi dan analisis optimasi rancangan dan total biaya kepemilikan dari transformator tenaga 60MVA 150/20kV dan 90 MVA 132/33kV sebagai dasar untuk penentuan spesifikasi dan rancangan yang digunakan dalam proses pembelian transformator tenaga. Studi dilakukan dengan tinjauan rancangan, fabrikasi dan struktur biaya transformator tenaga, melakukan optimasi rancangan dan perhitungan total biaya kepemilikan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan optimasi menggunakan kapitalisasi rugi-rugi sebagai parameter input memberikan total biaya kepemilikan yang paling optimum, yaitu menurunkan total biaya kepemilikan sebesar 3 untuk transformator tenaga 60MVA dan 9 untuk 90 MVA. Faktor-faktor kapitalisasi rugi-rugi dan total biaya kepemilikan dipengaruhi oleh suku bunga, umur ekonomis, biaya pokok penyediaan energi, faktor beban dan rugi-rugi transformator. Hal-hal tersebut sangat penting sebagai dasar untuk menentukan spesifikasi dan evaluasi dalam menentukan rancangan dan operasi transformator tenaga yang paling optimum. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah pemilik dan pabrikan transformator dapat mengembangkan spesifikasi, rancangan yang tepat dan membantu proses pembelian transformator yang sesuai dengan operasinya.

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Power transformer is one of the most important part in electrical power system and has losses as a part of cost electricity. Purchasing of transformer that only considers the initial become uneconomical for its entire life cycle. In transformer purchasing process, total cost of ownership is very important to be calculated and analyzed and basis for specification development and its design to get the optimum cost. In transformer purchasing and design process, the optimum parameter is not only determined by the design and the lowest cost, but also influenced by material cost, losses and its operation. Design optimization and calculation transformer total cost of ownership is very important to get reliable and economical product.

The purpose is to study and analysis design optimization and of power transformer 60 MVA 150 20kV dan 90 MVA 132 33 kV as a basis of specification development and design that used in purchasing process. The study is done by reviewing current design, fabrication and power transformer cost structure, design optimization and total cost ownership calculation.

The results of study show optimization using losses capitalization as input give the most optimum results, which reduce total ownership cost 3 for 60 MVA transformer and 9 for 90 MVA. The factors of losses capitalization and total cost of ownership is affected by interest rate, economic life, cost of electricity, load factor and transformer losses. Those factors are very important as a basis to determine the optimum specification, design evaluation and operation. The practical implication of this study is the owner and manufacturer of transformer can develop the right specifications and design to support purchasing process of transformer according to its operation."

"ABSTRAKPenggunaan satelit untuk kebutuhan pengamatan bumi telah meningkat pesat karena isu lingkungan. Tugas utama satelit observasi bumi adalah untuk memperoleh, menganalisis dan mendokumentasikan berbagai kondisi lingkungan di wilayah yang luas secara akurat dan valid. Diantara beberapa jenis satelit, satelit mikro telah mendapat banyak perhatian dari para periset, industri dan pemerintah. Dikarenakan pengembangan satelit mikro begitu kompleks dan terdapat beberapa masalah salah satu masalahnya adalah bagaimana merancang ADCS dan menguji kinerjanya. Pada penelitian ini, desain ADCS sederhana telah dirancang dan kinerjanya dievaluasi. ADCS dirancang berdasarkan kontrol I-PD yang tujuannya adalah untuk menjaga putaran satelit berada pada rentang yang diinginkan. ADCS memiliki peran penting terutama saat satelit melakukan pengambilan gambar pada permukaan bumi yang di targetkan. Karena pengambilan gambar merupakan tugas dari operasi satelit yang dominan, maka penggunaan ADCS dapat mempengaruhi kinerja konsumsi daya satelit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah simulator berbasis komputer yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan model matematis dengan parameter di dapat dari sistem satelit. Simulator terdiri dari beberapa modul termasuk roda reaksi, sistem catu daya dan sistem penanganan data onboard. Untuk menguji kinerja ADCS, dilakukan uji detumbling dan target pointing. Selanjutnya, evaluasi konsumsi daya dan energi untuk roda reaksi satelit mikro. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan simulator berdasarkan model matematis satelit baik dinamik dan kinematik untuk perhitungan konsumsi daya dan energi dan menganalisis pengaruh parameter pengendalinya. Dari hasil simulasi simulator satelit, terlihat bahwa simulator telah mampu bekerja dengan baik untuk kedua uji coba, serta berdasarkan hasil evaluasi ADCS berbasis I-PD didapatkan bahwa perubahan waktu transien tidak akan mengubah konsumsi energi tetapi akan meningkatkan profil konsumsi daya dengan konfigurasi satelit 3 merupakan yang terbaik dengan konsumsi energi terendah sebesar 0,706 Wh.

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ABSTRACTThe use of satellite for earth observation has been growing as the high concern of environmental issues. The main task of earth observation satellite is to measure, analyze and deliver earth surface condition to ground base station in accurate and valid. Among satellite types, micro satellite has received many attentions from researchers, industries and governments. Due to the complexity of satellite orientation dynamics, design of ADCS becomes more complex and it is not easy to test the performances. In this research, a simple ADCS design is conducted and its performance is evaluated. ADCS is designed based on I PD type control which its parameters are determined in order for making satellite orientation tracking to preset direction. The ADCS has important role especially when satellite conducts automatic image capturing for some targeted earth surface. Because image capturing is most dominant satellite operation task, the use of ADCS can affect satellite power consumption performance The objective of the research are computer based satellite simulator is also developed by using mathematical model which its parameters are obtained from real satellite system. The simulator consists of some modules including reaction wheels, power supply system and onboard data handling systems. In order to test the performance of proposed ADCS, detumbling test and target pointing test is conducted. The seconds are, evaluation of power and energy consumption for reaction wheel of micro satellite is conducted. The reaction wheel is equipped by I PD controller that its objective is to maintain satellite spinning in allowable range. Evaluation is implemented by using simulator based on mathematical model of dynamic and kinematic satellite for power and energy consumption calculation and analyze the effect of controller parameters. From simulation results, the simulator can work well for both testing, and based on the evaluation results of I PD based ADCS due to changes in transient time will not change the energy consumption but increasing the power consumption profil, the configuration of satellite 3 which is the best with energy consumption about 0.706 Wh."

"Keandalan sistem pendinginan dan efisiensi energi merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam keberhasilan dan keberlangsungan bisnis pada sebuah fasilitas pusat data data center . Faktanya, sumber utama kerusakan sebuah komponen/perangkat listrik disebabkan karena faktor temperatur 55 , kelembaban 19 , getaran 20 dan debu 6 pada kondisi lingkungan yang kurang memenuhi persyaratan. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keandalan sistem pendinginan dan efisiensi energi dengan metode assesmen dan analisis software CFD Computational Fluid Dynamic dalam upaya meningkatkan margin profit perusahaan PT. X. Berdasarkan analisis kondisi eksisting didapatkan bahwa masih terdapat single point of failure pada sistem pendinginan pusat data dan konsumsi energi yang belum efisien. Perbaikan keandalan dilakukan dengan mengeliminasi sistem single point of failure penambahan manual switching system dan mengatur ulang konfigurasi CRAC Computer Air Conditioner unit operasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan total beban dan perbaikan efisiensi energi dilakukan dengan mengimplementasikan cold aisle containment. Implementasi cold aisle containment pada pusat data Switching lantai 2 dapat menghemat energi sebesar 987.523 kWh/tahun atau senilai Rp. 1.028.001.158 per tahun atau sama dengan persentase potensi penghematan energi sampai dengan 21 . Investasi yang dibutuhkan senilai Rp. 1.311.800.000, dengan asumsi biaya pemeliharaan 10 dari investasi dan depresiasi 5 tahun, maka akan didapatkan nilai kini netto NPV sebesar Rp. 1.648.876.628 dengan tingkat pengembalian internal IRR sebesar 44 . Adapun periode pengembalian investasi payback periode akan kembali dalam jangka waktu 3 tahun.

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The reliability of cooling systems and energy efficiency is crucial to the success and sustainability of a business at a data center facility. In fact, the main source of damage to a component electrical device is due to temperature factors 55 , humidity 19 , vibration 20 and dust 6 under inadequate environmental conditions. This thesis aims to improve the reliability of cooling system and energy efficiency by method of assessment and analysis of CFD Computational Fluid Dynamic software in an effort to increase profit margin of PT. X. Based on the existing condition analysis it is found that there is still single point of failure in data center cooling system and energy consumption not yet efficient. Improved reliability is done by eliminating the single point of failure system adding manual switching system and rearranging the CRAC Computer Air Conditioner configuration of the operating unit according to the total load requirements and improving energy efficiency by implementing cold aisle containment. Implementation of cold aisle containment at data center Switching 2nd floor can save energy 987.513 kWh year or Rp. 1.028.001.158 per year or equal with potentialpercentage of saving energy until 21 .. The required investment is Rp. 1.311.800.000, assuming 10 maintenance cost of investment and depreciation of 5 years, it will get net present value NPV equal to Rp. 1.648.876.628 with an internal rate of return IRR of 44 . The return period of investment payback period will return within 3 years."

"ABSTRAKTingginya biaya awal pada investasi green building membuat minat para pengembang belum besar dalam mengembangkan green building. Untuk menarik minat pengembang yang masih berorientasi pada keuntungan dalam mengimplementasikan green building, salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah adalah dengan mengimplementasikan sistem insentif pada skema perijinan bangunan. Dengan tetap menjaga komitmen negara kepada dunia mengenai pengurangan emisi, penelitian ini berusaha mengembangkan skema kebijakan insentif yang dapat mendatangkan keuntungan bagi pengembang dan pemerintah selaku stakeholder pada pengembangan green building berbasis efisiensi energi. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi literatur dan benchmarking analysis yang hasilnya dibahas bersama para pakar yang berpengalaman pada pengembangan green building dan kebijakan-kebijakannya melalui wawancara mendalam. Life Cycle Cost Analysis LCCA pada studi kasus yaitu dua green building di Indonesia ini diterapkan. Sehingga, dihasilkan model kebijakan insentif yang dapat menjawab hipotesa penelitian. Dengan dilakukannya metode tersebut, maka akan dihasilkan kesimpulan apakah pemberian insentif pada green building menghasilkan investasi efisiensi energi yang layak.

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ABSTRACTA significant amount of incremental cost in investing green building is resulting a low interest in the development of green building among developers. Hence the developers nowadays still focusing on profit in implementing green building concept on their building developments, one of the government effort to attract developers for applying green concept on their buildings is by creating incentive policy building permit regulation. By keeping nation rsquo s commitment to the world for reducing emission, this research aims to develop a model for incentive policy which leads to advantages toward developers and government as stakeholder in the development of green buildings based on energy efficiency. In this research, literature and benchmarking analysis are reviewed with experts experienced in green building and policy development through in depth interviews. Life Cycle Cost Analysis LCCA in the case study of 2 green building in Indonesia was done so that the incentive policy model was produced which could answer the research hypothesis. By doing this method, it will generate a conclusion whether the provision of incentives on green building produces a viable energy efficiency investment."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perkembangan konsumsi energi terbarukan (RE) di Asia Pasifik sesuai dengan komitmen program Lingkungan PBB, yaitu ketahanan energi dan perannya sebagai pengganti energi fosil dalam 20 tahun ke depan. Data tahunan dari RE, GDP, konsumsi listrik berbasis fosil (FBEC), government index(GI), kepadatan penduduk (PD), pangsa industri (IVA), pendidikan tersier (TE) dan tingkat energy depletion(ED) pada 17 negara dari tahun 1990-2014 digunakan sebagai data penelitian ini. Analisis pertama dilakukan dengan kausalitas granger, di mana digunakan untuk mengamati hubungan kausalitas antara RE dan PDB. Selanjutnya, analisis data panel terhadap tiga model persamaan dihitung dan dimodifikasi untuk menentukan model terbaik. Secara statistik, hubungan kausal terdeteksi pada RE dan GDP. Hubungan kausal dua arah ditemukan pada Australia, Bangladesh, Cina, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Selandia Baru dan Uzbekistan. Sementara hubungan satu arah GDP-RE ditemukan pada Filipina dan Thailand, sementara RE-GDP hanya ditemukan pada India. Analisis lebih lanjut, enam variabel kontrol dilibatkan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perkembangan RE. Sebagai hasilnya, di mana sejalan dengan konsep transisi RE, yaitu perlambatan GDP, pengurangan FBEC, perbaikan GI, PD yang sporadis, peningkatan IVA, peningkatan quantitas dan qualitas TE dan penipisan tingkat ED akan memacu peningkatan RE.

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ABSTRACTThis research objective is to analyze the development of renewable energy consumption (RE) in Asia Pacific in accordance with a commitment of UN Environment's program i.e. energy security and the role of fossil energy will be supplanted by RE in the next 20 years. Using annual data from RE, GDP, fossil-based electricity consumption (FBEC), government index (GI), population density (PD), Industry Share (IVA), Tertiary Education (TE) and Level of Energy Depletion (ED) for 17 countries from 1990 to 2014. In the beginning, granger causality was used to observe the causality between RE and GDP. Furthermore, analysis panel data on three equation models has been calculated and modified to determine the best model. Statistically, causal granger indicated the relationship between RE to GDP. Two-way relationship was found in Australia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, New Zealand and Uzbekistan. While one-way relations of GDP-RE was found in the Philippines and Thailand, whilst RE-GDP was found only in India. Further analysis, six control variables are stated to predispose the growth of RE. As result, it is in line with the concept of RE transition, where sluggish GDP, decrementing FBEC, improvement of GI, discourage PD, board up IVA, improving TE and increased of DE will encourage the escalation of RE."

"Konsumsi energi rumah tangga sebagai bagian besar dari total konsumsi energi di Indonesia memiliki potensi besar dalam konservasi energi dan pengurangan emisi. Selain itu, pada tahun 2021, penerapan efisiensi energi memberikan kontribusi sebesar 20% terhadap penurunan CO2. Meningkatkan efisiensi energi dapat secara efektif mendorong konservasi energi di tingkat rumah tangga. Namun, peningkatan efisiensi energi tidak selalu mencapai potensi konservasi energi teknis seutuhnya seperti yang diharapkan atau disebut juga rebound effect. Sehingga, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rebound effect energi rumah tangga pada level provinsi dengan menggunakan input-output inter-regional. Hasil rebound effect sedikit terfokus pada daerah Indonesia bagian timur. Nilai rata-rata rebound effect tidak langsung lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai rata-rata rebound effect langsung. Rata-rata rebound effect ekonomi dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia adalah 98,85%. Sehingga, dengan mempertimbangkan rebound effect langsung dan rebound effect tidak langsung, maka kurang dari 3% penghematan energi yang diakibatkan oleh peningkatan efisiensi energi dapat tercapai di setiap provinsi. Selain itu, terdapat 13 provinsi yang memiliki nilai rebound effect ekonomi lebih dari 100%. Hal ini mangindikasikan bahwa ketiga belas provinsi tersebut memiliki backfire effect.

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Household energy consumption as a large part of total energy consumption in Indonesia has a great potential in energy conservation and emission reduction. In addition, in 2021, the improvement of energy efficiency contributes 20% to the reduction of CO2. Improving energy efficiency can effectively promote energy conservation at the household level. However, the increase in energy efficiency does not always achieve the full technical energy conservation potential as expected or also known as the rebound effect. Thus, this study aims to analyze the rebound effect of household energy at the provincial level using inter-regional inputs outputs. The results of the rebound effect are slightly focused on the eastern part of Indonesia. The average value of the indirect rebound effect is higher than the average value of the direct rebound effect. The average economic rebound effect from 34 provinces in Indonesia is 98.85%. Thus, after considering the direct rebound effect and indirect rebound effect, less than 3% of energy savings due to increased energy efficiency can be achieved in each province. In addition, there are 13 provinces that have an economic rebound effect value of more than 100%. This indicates that the thirteen provinces have a backfire effect.