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"[ABSTRAKIndonesia terletak di wilayah geografis yang rentan terhadap perubahan iklim.Meskipun intensitas energinya terus menurun, namun konsumsi energi dan emisikarbon terus meningkat. Sehingga diduga terdapat fenomena rebound effect. Studiini menggunakan model keseimbangan umum (CGE) untuk menganalisisfenomena rebound effect di Indonesia, serta dampak pengurangan subsidi energidan pengurangan pajak pendapatan terhadap rebound effect dan perekonomian.Hasil simulasi menjunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia terdapat fenomena reboundeffect, dimana pengurangan subsidi energi dapat menurunkan rebound effectsecara efektif, serta berdampak positif terhadap perekonomian. Meskipun dapatmenurunkan rebound effect, penerapan pengurangan pajak penghasilanberdampak negatif bagi perekonomian.;

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ABSTRACTIndonesia is located in the geographic areas that are vulnerable to global climatechange. Despite the energy intensity is declining, the energy consumption andcarbon emissions continue to increase. So the existance of rebound effectphenomenon is suspected. This study uses a general equilibrium model (CGE) toanalyze rebound effect phenomenon in Indonesia, and also to analyze the impactof energy subsidy reduction and income tax reduction to the rebound effect andthe economy. The simulation results shows that the rebound effect phenomenon isexist in Indonesia, in which the reduction of the energy subsidies can reduce therebound effect effectively, and it has a positive impact to the economy. Althoughit may reduce the rebound effect, the implementation of the income tax reductionhas negative impact to the economy., IIndonesia is located in the geographic areas that are vulnerable to global climatechange. Despite the energy intensity is declining, the energy consumption andcarbon emissions continue to increase. So the existance of rebound effectphenomenon is suspected. This study uses a general equilibrium model (CGE) toanalyze rebound effect phenomenon in Indonesia, and also to analyze the impactof energy subsidy reduction and income tax reduction to the rebound effect andthe economy. The simulation results shows that the rebound effect phenomenon isexist in Indonesia, in which the reduction of the energy subsidies can reduce therebound effect effectively, and it has a positive impact to the economy. Althoughit may reduce the rebound effect, the implementation of the income tax reductionhas negative impact to the economy.]"

"Transportasi sebagai salah satu penyebab utama dari emisi gas rumah kaca telah mendorong permasalahan lingkungan akibat emisi gas buang kendaraan dan permasalahan ekonomi akibat meningkatnya jumlah bahan bakar bensin yang masih disubsidi oleh pemerintah sampat saat ini. Kebijakan transisi BBM ke BBG saat ini menjadi salah satu solusi yang menjanjikan, namun belum sepenuhnya dapat dilaksanakan di Jakarta, karena kurangnya infrastruktur BBG dan kurangnya koordinasi investasi infrastruktur dari beberapa pemangku kepentingan, yaitu pemerintah, perusahaan penyedia infrastruktur, dan transportasi umum. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi Co-Benefits dari perbaikan lingkungan, penghematan ekonomi, dan komposisi investasi bagi para pemangku kepentingan menggunakan teori permainan kooperatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan transisi BBM ke BBG mampu mengurangi 333.688 ton emisi CO2 per tahun dengan presentase pengurangan sebesar 31% dibandingkan dengan menggunakan BBM dan nilai penghematan ekonomi sebesar Rp.2.160.183.150.000, -. Harga converter kit yang harus dibayar oleh transportasi umum adalah sebesar Rp.14.585.000, -dengan subsidi dari pemerintah sebesar Rp.480.000, - dan subsidi dari perusahaan penyedia infrastruktur sebesar Rp.935.000, -. Sementara untuk pembangunan SPBG, pemerintah perlu menginvestasikan sebesar Rp.17,5 miliar dan perusahaan penyedia infrastruktur sebesar Rp. 69,8 miliar. Selanjutnya, kebijakan transisi BBM ke BBG harus segera di implementasikan untuk mendapatkan Co-Benefits dari segi ekonomi, lingkungan, dan mutual benefits dari para pemain

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ABSTRACTTransportation as a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led to enviromental issue caused by the produced emissions and economic issue due to the increasing amount of gasoline fuel that is still subsidized by government. The gasoline to gas fuel transition policy becomes one of promising solutions, yet has not been fully implemented in Jakarta, regarding to the lack of gas fuel infrastructure and investment coordination among several stakeholders, namely government, infrastructure providers, and private public transportation. Therefore, this research was conducted to address co-benefits of environmental improvement, economic savings, and investment allocation for involved players using cooperative game theory. The result shows that gasoline to gas fuel transition policy could reduce 333.688 ton of CO2 emissions per year or 31% reduction compared with conventional fuel, IDR2.160.183.150.000,- in term of economic savings. The converter kit price to be paid by public transportation is IDR14.585.000,-. Government needs to subsidize IDR.480.000,- and infrastructure provider company subsidizes IDR.935.000,-. While refueling gas station needs to be invested by government at level of IDR.17,5 billion and infrastructure provider company at level of IDR.69,8 billion. In the light of the study, gasoline to gas fuel transition policy needs to be implemented to gain Co-Benefits in terms of economy, environment, and mutual benefits among actors"

"ABSTRAKBertambahnya ongkos biaya produksi untuk bahan bakar serta tuntutan pemenuhan produksi industri yang dibarengi dengan kenaikan kebutuhan energy industri,maka akan berdampak pada kenaikan konsumsi energi yang berdampak pada biaya produksi industri perusahaan.Sehingga para pelaku industri, khususnya yang menggunakan bahan bakar fosil sebagai penggerak industrinya berupaya untuk menekan biaya produksi,guna keberlangsungan perusahaan itu sendiri. Sementara persediaan akan energi yang ada juga terbatas, maka perlu senantiasa mengupayakan peningkatan effisiensi dalam segala hal, salah satunya effisiensi biaya produksi. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah meningkatkan effisiensi proses produksi maupun penyediaan energi thermal untuk kebutuhan industri dan menekan biaya tambahan produksi dengan menerapkan pemilihan jenis bahan bakar yang dipakai saat produksi.Sebagai kesimpulannya, biaya konsumsi bahan bakar high kalori batu bara lebih murah Rp. 68.400.000/day sedangkan medium kalori Rp. 74.884.000/day /day dan gas Rp. 297.192.785/day, namun berdasarkan biaya 1 tonsteam yang dihasilkan medium kalori lebih mahal yaitu Rp.3.744.200/day sedangkan batu bara high kalori Rp3.420.000/day dan gas Rp.620.247/day. Kata Kunci: Boiler, Effisiensi Uap, Pemilihan Jenis Batu Bara,dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar

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ABSTRACTThe increased cost of production for fuel and the demand of industrial production fullfilment that it comes with the increasing in industrial energy demand, then it will have an impact either with the increasing of energy consumption and company industrial production cost.so most os the company, especially the one that using fossil fuel as their industrial booster seek to reduce the cost production, so that their company could survive.meanwhile, the energy supply itself are limited, so it is necessary to improve the efficency in eveerything, one of them is cost production effiiciency.the objective that want to be accomplished are improving the production process efficiency as same as energy supply thermal for industrial needs and reducing extra cost production by applying selection with the kind of fuel that will be used in production.The conclusion are, the cost of fuel consumption for high calori coal are cheaper around Rp. 60.000.000 day, and for medium calory are Rp. 91.374.000 day and gas around Rp. 297.192.785 day. but based on the cost 1 ton steam that produced by high calory fuel more expensive that is around Rp. 1.440.000 day, for medium calory coal Rp. 1.164.000 day and for the gas Rp. 620.247 day Keyword Boiler, Steam Efficiency, Selection of coal type and Fuels consumption"

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengestimasi dampak perubahan harga energi pada konsumsi energi rumah tangga,  kelompok masyarakat berdasarkan karakteristik rumah tangga akibat adanya perubahan harga energy, dan menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi energi rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, serta menggunakan metode analisis ekonometrika data panel untuk mengestimasi sistem permintaan. Penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis regresi panel data. Hasil studi dengan menggunakan metode random effect model dapat dilihat dampak perubahan harga energi terhadap konsumsi energi rumah tangga, dimana konsumsi energi rumah tangga untuk bbm dan listrik sangat dipengaruhi oleh harga energi itu sendiri dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Untuk elastisitas kedua jenis energi yang di estimasi (bbm dan listrik) mempunyai nilai elastisitas pendapatan (pengeluaran)  yang kurang dari satu (<1) yang berimplikasi bahwa kedua barang energi tersebut merupakan barang normal atau barang pokok.

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In this study we estimate the impact of changes in energy prices on household energy consumption, community groups based on household characteristics due to changes in energy prices, and analyze the factors that influence household energy consumption. This study uses a quantitative approach and panel data econometric analysis methods to estimate the demand system. The study used panel data regression analysis techniques. The results can be seen the impact of changes in energy prices on household energy consumption, household energy consumption for fuel and electricity is strongly influenced by the energy price itself and household income. For the elasticity of the two estimated types of energy (fuel and electricity) they have an income (expenditure) elasticity value of less than one (<1) which implies that the two energy goods are normal goods or basic goods."

"Skripsi ini membahas faktor-faktor perilaku konsumen apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi perilaku pembelian dan keputusan pembelian BBM Non Subsidi SPBU Lokal dan Asing (Produk: Pertamax, Pertamax Plus, Pertamina Dex, Shell Super, Shell Super Extra, Shell Diesel, Total Performance 92, Total Performance 95, Total Diesel) untuk konsumen di wilayah Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi). Penelitian ini adalah Exploratory Research yang dilanjutkan dengan Conclusive Research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan temuan bahwa faktor sosial (kelompok acuan, peran dan status), faktor pribadi (aspek personal dan pekerjaan), juga faktor psikologi (motivasi, persepsi dan pembelajaran) secara bersama-sama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pembelian konsumen untuk produk BBM Non Subsidi di Jabodetabek. Selain itu, penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa faktor psikologi berupa Motivasi Aktualisasi Diri dan proses Persepsi dan Pembelajaran konsumen memiliki kontribusi yang penting juga memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan, berbanding terbalik dengan Kelompok Acuan dan Keluarga yang memberikan pengaruh yang negatif dan signifikan terhadap pembelian BBM Non Subsidi di Jabodetabek.

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The focus of this study is knowing Factors that influence Consumer Behavior and its influence to Buying Behavior and Purchase Decision on Non Subsidized Fuels (Products: Pertamax, Pertamax Plus, Pertamina Dex, Shell Super, Shell Super Extra, Shell Diesel, Total Performance 92, Total Performance 95, Total Diesel) among Customers on Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi). This research is an Exploratory Research that followed by Conclusive Research. The study revealed that Social Factors (Reference Group, social roles and status), Personal factors (lifestyle, economic conditions, occupations), and pschylogical factors (motivation, perseptions, learning) together have a significant impact on Purchasing behavior of Non Subsidized Fuel Consumer on Jabodetabek. The study also revealed that psychological factor; Self Actualization Motive, Persepsion and Learning process, have an important contribution alos a significantly positive impact to Purchasing behavior and decision, inversely with Reference Group and Family which gives a significantly negative impact to Non Subsidized Fuel Purchasing behavior and decision."

"Pertumbuhan populasi dan pembangunan ekonomi yang cukup pesat beberapa tahun terakhir mengakibatkan pertumbuhan permintaan terhadap perjalanan pribadi maupun transportasi barang di Indonesia. Seiring dengan perbaikan kondisi ekonomi, masyarakat akan memiliki kemampuan lebih dalam membeli kendaraan tambahan dan cenderung untuk meningkatkan intensitas perjalanan mereka yang disebabkan oleh semakin tingginya daya beli dan permintaan terhadap hiburan serta aktivitas sosial.Fenomena ini menjadi katalisator bagi peningkatan jumlah konsumsi energi baik dari perjalanan pribadi maupun transportasi barang. Namun, ketersediaan sumber daya energi yang semakin menipis membuat pemerintah harus melakukan impor untuk menjamin keamanan pasokan energi. Proyeksi permintaan energi merupakan suatu hal krusial bagi pemerintah dalam melihat tren masa depan dan mengembangkan rencana strategis serta mengalokasikan sumber daya yang ada untuk berbagai sektor aktivitas dalam rangka mengakomodasi permintaan energi di masa mendatang.Sebuah model sistem dinamis akan dikembangkan sebagai alat bantu dalam memberikan gambaran proyeksi permintaan energi di sektor transportasi darat dengan variabel output berupa jumlah permintaan energi dan bauran energi primer serta beberapa variabel input seperti Pendapatan Domestik Bruto (PDB), populasi warga, populasi kendaraan, dan jarak perjalanan penumpang (passenger-km).Dengan adanya penelitian ini, diharapkan pemerintah akan mendapatkan kajian akademis prediksi permintaan energi di masa mendatang dengan lebih akurat, sehingga dapat membantu dalam merencanakan pengelolaan energi untuk sektor transportasi darat secara menyeluruh dan terintegrasi.

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Population growth and economic development in the past few years have caused a growing demand for personal travel and freight transport in Indonesia. In good economic conditions, people are able to afford a vehicle or and additional vehicle to increase their travel intensity due to higher purchasing power and growing demand for entertainment and social activities.

This phenomenon has become a catalyst for the increment in the amount of energy consumption both from personal travel and freight transport. However, the availability of energy resources are depleting which made the government must import a massive amount of oil to ensure national energy security. Projection of energy demand is perhaps the crucial step for the government to predict future’s trend of consumption and to develop an appropriate strategic plan as well as to allocate proper amounts of resources available for various activities in order to accommodate future energy demand.

A system dynamic model will be developed as a decision-making tool to provide an overview of energy demand projections in road transport sector with future energy demand and future energy mix as the output variables and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), number of population, number of vehicle registered, and travel demand (passenger-km) as model inputs.

It is expected that this research will give an academic view for the government on the prediction of future energy demand more accurately, so it could help the government in planning national energy management for land transportation as well as support a sustainable transportation development."

"[Kurangnya penguasaan teknologi pengolahan bijih mangan menjadi ferromangan merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya impor ferromangan yang dilakukan oleh industri baja nasional. Kualitas produk ferromangan dan juga pencapaian konsumsi energi listrik yang effisien per Kg ferromangan yang dihasilkan menjadi faktor penting pengembangan teknologi ini. Jumlah batubara sebagai reduktor merupakan salah satu parameter utama kesuksesan produksi yang nantinya akan dilihat berdasarkan kualitas FeMn (Kadar Mn hingga 75%) dan seberapa besar power consumption-nya. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan proses pembuatan ferromangan dari bahan baku bijih mangan local dengan menggunakan SAF (Submerged Arc Furnace). Variabel yang akan dipakai adalah jumlah batubara sebagai reduktor, yaitu 40.33%, 47%, 53.67%, dan 60.33%. Karakterisasi produk menggunakan XRF (input dan ouput produk), XRD (Mn Ore), dan Proksimat analisis (batubara).Hasil penelitian menunjukan dengan kenaikan jumlah reduktor maka massa produk, kadar mangan, yield product, massa off gas, konsumsi energi, dan persentase fosfor dan sulfur akan meningkat pula. Jumlah produk ferromangan tertinggi didapat pada angka 9.1 kg dengan menggunakan batubara 53.67%. kadar Mn tertinggi didapat pada angka 72% dengan pemakaian batubara 53.67% dan kadar terkecil yaitu 63.12% dengan pemakaian batubara 40.33%. Off gass tertinggi pada angka 33.5 kg dengan pemakaian batubara 60.33% menunjukkan proses reduksi yang tidak optimal, dimana proses reduksi tidak berjalan sempurna. Energi yang paling tinggi di dapatkan pada berat batubara 40.33% yaitu 12.45 Kwh/Kg FeMn, sedangkan yang paling optimum dari segi energi, yaitu didapatkan pada berat batubara 47% dengan 7.56 Kwh/Kg FeMn. %P yang paling tinggi dengan pemakaian batubara 53.67% dengan hasil 0.74% fosfor. Sedangkan untuk %S yang paling tinggi dengan pemakaian batubara 16.1 Kg dengan hasil 0.9% sulfur. Batubara dengan persentase 47% merupakan yang paling optimum apabila dilihat dari aspek ekonomi, %P %S, konsumsi energi, dan kadar mangan.;Due to lack of knowledge and capability to develop new technology for reduction of ferromanganese metal, the number of imported ferromanganese are also increasing in Indonesia. This present study will carried out new perspective to produce ferromanganese metal from Indonesian local manganese ore itself to maintain the demand of ferromanganese product for local industries. The experiment will based on medium grade manganese ore from Jember, East Java ? Indonesia and using mini submerged arc furnace (SAF) as its technology to reduce manganese ore into ferromanganese metal. Influence of various number of coal as its reductor agent have been ninvestigated. The optimized parameter has been established to obtain maximum yield. The experiments with 30 kg of manganese ore, 12 kg of limestone, and various number of coal ranging from 40.33%, 47%, 53.67%, and 60.33% have been carried out. The efforts have also been made to reduce the electrical consumption and the cost of production by using coal instead of cokes.The result showed that an increase in number of reductor increases the amount of product, manganese content, yield ratio, mass of offgas, energy consumption, phosphorus and sulfur content. Biggest number of ferromanganese which can be produced is 9.1 kg with 72% manganese content inside the metal from 53.67% coal and the smallest manganese content is 63.12%Mn from 40.33% coal. Biggest number of off gasses is 33.5 kg which came from 60.33% coal and this phenomena showed that reduction process is not efficient. Highest energy consumption came from 40.33% coal which is 12.45 kwh/kg FeMn product, and the most efficient energy is produced by 53.67% coal which is 7.56 kwh/kg FeMn product. Biggest phosphorus and sulfur content came from 53.67% coal which is 0.74%P and 0.9%S. As the last result, the most optimum research has been carried out by 47% of coal.;Due to lack of knowledge and capability to develop new technology for reduction of ferromanganese metal, the number of imported ferromanganese are also increasing in Indonesia. This present study will carried out new perspective to produce ferromanganese metal from Indonesian local manganese ore itself to maintain the demand of ferromanganese product for local industries. The experiment will based on medium grade manganese ore from Jember, East Java ? Indonesia and using mini submerged arc furnace (SAF) as its technology to reduce manganese ore into ferromanganese metal. Influence of various number of coal as its reductor agent have been ninvestigated. The optimized parameter has been established to obtain maximum yield. The experiments with 30 kg of manganese ore, 12 kg of limestone, and various number of coal ranging from 40.33%, 47%, 53.67%, and 60.33% have been carried out. The efforts have also been made to reduce the electrical consumption and the cost of production by using coal instead of cokes.The result showed that an increase in number of reductor increases the amount of product, manganese content, yield ratio, mass of offgas, energy consumption, phosphorus and sulfur content. Biggest number of ferromanganese which can be produced is 9.1 kg with 72% manganese content inside the metal from 53.67% coal and the smallest manganese content is 63.12%Mn from 40.33% coal. Biggest number of off gasses is 33.5 kg which came from 60.33% coal and this phenomena showed that reduction process is not efficient. Highest energy consumption came from 40.33% coal which is 12.45 kwh/kg FeMn product, and the most efficient energy is produced by 53.67% coal which is 7.56 kwh/kg FeMn product. Biggest phosphorus and sulfur content came from 53.67% coal which is 0.74%P and 0.9%S. As the last result, the most optimum research has been carried out by 47% of coal., Due to lack of knowledge and capability to develop new technology for reduction of ferromanganese metal, the number of imported ferromanganese are also increasing in Indonesia. This present study will carried out new perspective to produce ferromanganese metal from Indonesian local manganese ore itself to maintain the demand of ferromanganese product for local industries. The experiment will based on medium grade manganese ore from Jember, East Java – Indonesia and using mini submerged arc furnace (SAF) as its technology to reduce manganese ore into ferromanganese metal. Influence of various number of coal as its reductor agent have been ninvestigated. The optimized parameter has been established to obtain maximum yield. The experiments with 30 kg of manganese ore, 12 kg of limestone, and various number of coal ranging from 40.33%, 47%, 53.67%, and 60.33% have been carried out. The efforts have also been made to reduce the electrical consumption and the cost of production by using coal instead of cokes.The result showed that an increase in number of reductor increases the amount of product, manganese content, yield ratio, mass of offgas, energy consumption, phosphorus and sulfur content. Biggest number of ferromanganese which can be produced is 9.1 kg with 72% manganese content inside the metal from 53.67% coal and the smallest manganese content is 63.12%Mn from 40.33% coal. Biggest number of off gasses is 33.5 kg which came from 60.33% coal and this phenomena showed that reduction process is not efficient. Highest energy consumption came from 40.33% coal which is 12.45 kwh/kg FeMn product, and the most efficient energy is produced by 53.67% coal which is 7.56 kwh/kg FeMn product. Biggest phosphorus and sulfur content came from 53.67% coal which is 0.74%P and 0.9%S. As the last result, the most optimum research has been carried out by 47% of coal.]"

"Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel tingkat perusahaan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana dampak dan mekanisme berlangsungnya pengaruh aglomerasi industri terhadap intensitas energi padda sektor manufaktur di 6 provinsi di Pulau Jawa. Model pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi panel data fixed effect serta two-stage least squares dan data pada rentang waktu 2010-2019. Topik penelitian ini menjadi penting dikarenakan upaya konservasi energi perlu dilakukan sebagai bagian untuk menjaga pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, berkontribusi menjaga ketahanan energi nasional, serta mendukung pertumbuhan manufaktur sebagai sektor andalan. Sektor manufaktur sebagai konsumen energi nasional terbesar kedua menjadi patut diperhatikan terlebih pertumbuhannya yang diprediksi akan pesat di masa yang akan datang dapat berdampak banyak terhadap konsumsi energi nasional. Penerapan konservasi energi dapat terjadi bersamaan dengan pertumbuhan pusat-pusat aglomerasi manufaktur baru seperti pembangunan KEK yang sedang masif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data mencakup provinsi di Pulau Jawa karena sektor manufaktur nasional yang relatif masih terpusat di Pulau Jawa. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah aglomerasi industri signifikan berdampak negatif terhadap intensitas energi baik secara langsung maupun melalui mekanisme kualitas sumber daya manusia dan investasi mesin dan bangunan pada sektor manufaktur terkait.

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This study uses company-level panel data to identify the impact and mechanism of the ongoing influence of industrial agglomeration on energy intensity in the manufacturing sector in 6 provinces in Java Island. The model in this study uses the panel data fixed effect and two-stage leasts quares method and data in the 2010- 2019 timeframe. This research topic is important because energy conservation efforts need to be carried out as part of maintaining national economic growth, contributing to maintaining national energy security, and supporting manufacturing growth as a promising sector. The manufacturing sector, as the second largest national energy consumer, deserves attention, especially since its growth is predicted to grow rapidly in the future, which can have a large impact on national energy consumption. The application of energy conservation can occur simultaneously with the growth of new manufacturing agglomeration centers such as the development of the SEZ which is currently massive. This study uses data covering provinces on the island of Java because the national manufacturing sector is still relatively concentrated on the island of Java. The results in this study are industrial agglomeration that has a significant negative impact on energy intensity, both directly and through the mechanism of human resource quality and machine and building investment in the related manufacturing sector."

"Kereta rel listrik kini menjadi sarana transportasi pilihan dari masyarakat Jabodetabek dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun besarnya kebutuhan sarana transportasi kereta rel listrik diimbangi dengan kebutuhan energi listrik yang cukup besar dalam penggunaan kesehariaannya. Sehingga diperlukannya evaluasi konsumsi energi dari kereta commuter line. Pada penelitian ini penulis melakukan simulasi kereta commuter line dengan data kecepatan sebenarnya dari kereta rute Jakarta Kota – Tanjung Priok, menghitung konsumsi energi yang dibutuhkan dari kereta dengan hasil profil kecepatan simulasi, mengoptimalkan konsumsi energi yang dibutuhkan kereta dengan program dinamis. Kemudian membandingkan hasil konsumsi energi dengan konsumsi energi optimal. Hasil efisiensi yang didapatkan dari konsumsi energi optimal sebesar 31 % untuk rute Jakarta Kota – Kampung Bandan, 20 % untuk rute Kampung Bandan – Ancol dan untuk rute Ancol Tanjung Priok sebesar 13 %.

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Electric trains are now the preferred means of transportation for the Jabodetabek people in their daily lives. However, the need for electric rail transportation facilities with the need for electrical energy is quite large in daily use. So, it is necessary to evaluate the energy consumption of commuter line trains. In this study, the author simulates a commuter line train with the actual data speed of the Jakarta Kota – Tanjung Priok train route and calculates the energy consumption required from the train with the simulation speed profile results, optimizing the energy consumption needed by the train with a dynamic program. Then compare the results of energy consumption with energy consumption optimally. The efficiency results obtained from the optimal energy consumption are 31% for the Jakarta Kota – Kampung Bandan route, 20% for the Kampung Bandan – Ancol route, and for the Ancol Tanjung Priok route 13%."

"Pemakaian energi pada gedung merupakan sumber terbesar konsumsi energi di Indonesia. Green Building Comitte Indonesia (GBCI) memberikan konsep penghematan energi yang berstandar nasional. Audit energi bangunan menggunakan adalah cara untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsumsi energi bangunan aktual dan mencari alternatif untuk mengurangi konsumsi energinya agar memenuhi kriteria sebagai gedung hemat energi. Salah satu cara melakukan audit energi adalah dengan menggunakan software. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan software EnergyPlus dan GenOpt yang memiliki keunggulan dibanding software simulasi energi lainnya. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem pendingin VAV dan Variable Speed Drive Motor pada rancangan gedung Kantor yang ada. Dari hasil simulasi tersebut diketahui bahwa dengan menggunakan sistem tersebut, tercapai sistem energi yang lebih efisien dengan penghematan mencapai 22% dan dapat menjaga dengan baik kondisi kenyaman ruangan pada temperatur 24 - 25°C dan relative humidity antara 50%-70%.

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Energy usage in buildings are the largest energy consumption in Indonesia. Green Building Comitte Indonesia (GBCI) offering the concept of energy saving or energy efficient base on national standard. Energy audits ofvbuildings using the simulation software is one of the way to find out how thevbuilding energy consumption and find alternatives to reduce the energyvconsumption of its buildings to meet the criteria as energy-efficient buildings. Thisvstudy used the EnergyPlus and GenOpt software which has more advantage then the other energy simulation software. The simulation will use VAV combined withvVariable Speed Drive Motor in cooling system of the Office building. From the simulation results can be known that by using above system, higher energy efficiency can be achieved and the system can maintain good indoor comfortconditions at the temperature of 24-25°C and relative humidity between 50% -70%"