Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Coconut is a very important plant for the livelihood of people in tropical countries. It is also used as an icon of tropical region. Coconut fruit is very heavy and can cause injuries if the fruit falls down and hits somebody who happens to be underneath a coconut tree. In order to avoid the accident,  the coconut fruits have to be regularly cut off. Coconut tree originated from in vitro cultured endosperm is a triploid plant that produces seedless fruit (without endocarp). Coconut fruit without endocarp is not heavy. The objective of this study was to investigate plant regeneration of fresh and in vitro cultured coconut endosperms. The fresh and developed in vitro cultured coconut endosperms were observed using histological analysis. Solid endosperm of seven month-old postanthesis coconut from “Samoan Dwarf†cultivar was freshly picked up and cultured in vitro on modified Branton & Blake formula. Histological study of fresh coconut endosperm showed that the endosperm consisted of parenchyma cells, which were relatively uniform in shape and size, with some nuclei consisted of 1 – 5 nucleoli. Three month-old calli of in vitro grown coconut endosperm in semi solid media showed that its cells varied in shape and size, characterized by high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, high starch, protein and lipid contents which underwent many divisions. Seven month-old calli of in vitro grown coconut endosperm in liquid media showed embryogenic cells which resembled proembryos. Fourteen month-old bud-like structure of coconut endosperm in semi solid media showed a meristematic layer, tunica-corpus structure, cortex-like region and tracheids of xylem. These results indicated that the bud-like structure was an early stage of shoot bud formation in coconut endosperm. This is the first report of early stage of shoot bud formation occurring on coconut endosperm cultured in vitro."

"Chitosan can be prepared in the form of microspheres that serve as a depot for bioactive compounds released in a controlled way to diseased organs. In this study, a mathematical model of potassium chloride release from chitosan microspheres was developed. The model was validated using experimental data. The potassium chloride-loading percentages of 10.01%, 20.84%, and 20.57% were prepared using a cross-linking method. The potassium chloride loading was kept constant at about 20% when the potassium chloride mass in the preparation stage was above 5.024 mg/mL. Experiments and a model calculation of potassium chloride release from the microspheres with a loading of 10.01% and 20.57% were performed. In general, the model reproduces the experimental data. The experiments and the calculation show that during the same period, microspheres containing more potassium chloride release a higher percentage of potassium chloride than do microspheres containing less potassium chloride."

"This new edition presents an overview of biomimetics and biologically inspired structured surfaces. It deals with various examples of biomimetics which include surfaces with roughness-induced superomniphobicity, self-cleaning, antifouling, and controlled adhesion. The focus in the book is on the lotus effect, salvinia effect, rose petal effect, oleophobic/philic surfaces, shark skin effect, and gecko adhesion. This new edition also contains new chapters on the butterfly wing effect, bio, and inorganic fouling and structure and properties of nacre and structural coloration."

"In this volume, general aspects of biopatent law will be discussed. This involves questions of patentability, including ethical issues and issues of technicality, as well as questions of patent exhaustion in cases were reproducible subject matter, like cells or seeds, is protected. Moreover, active and passive patent strategies are addressed. Further, insight will be given into patent lifetime management and additional protective measures, like supplementary protection certificates and data exclusivity. Here, strategies are discussed how market exclusivity can be extended as long as possible, which is particularly important for biopharmaceutical drugs, which create high R&D costs."

"Proses produksi pada reaktor biogas dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit atau Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) sering menghadapi masalah karena keterbatasan laju hidrolisis. Keterbatasan ini terjadi akibat terbentuknya lumpur dan gumpalan yang mengurangi voulme efektif digester biogas serta mengurangi potensi biogas yang dihasilkan. Lumpur dan gumpalan yang dihasilkan berasal dari tingginya kandungan dan juga serat yang ada pada POME. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan seperti pengambilan secara manual maupun pengadukan secara mekanik atau dengan turbulensi melalui pemompaan cairan dengan kuat. Namun, upaya tersebut memerlukan tambahan alat, SDM dan energi sehingga biaya proses produksi terus meningkat. Sebagai alternatif lain, maka pemanfaatan lipase dan xilanase menjadi alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk pretreatment yang dapat meminimalisir kandungan padatan hemiselulosa dan minyak atau lemak di dalam POME. Lipase dapat menghidrolisa lemak dan minyak menjadi asam lemak rantai pendek dan xilanase dapat menghidrolisa hemiselulosa menjadi monomernya, sehingga memudahkan produksi biogas. Pada penelitian ini telah terbukti bahwa pretreatment dengan xilanase dan lipase mampu menurunkan total suspended solid (TSS) sebesar 49,21 %; total solid (TS) sebesar 34, 52 % dan meningkatkan gula pereduksi sebesar 44,37 %, selain itu mampu menurunkan minyak dan lemak sebesar 88,82 pada konsentrasi 4 %. Serta menignkatkan produksi biogas sebanyak 52,17 % dan penghilangan chemical oxygen demand (COD) sebesar 49,7 %.

---

The production process at biogas reactors from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) often faces problems due to limited hydrolysis rates. This limitation occurs due to the formation of mud and lumps which reduce the effective volume of the biogas digester and reduce the potential for biogas produced. The sludge and lumps produced come from the high content and fiber present in the POME. Various treatments have been made such as manual extraction or mechanical stirring or by turbulence through strong fluid pumping. However, these treatments require additional tools, human resources and energy so the production process costs continue to increase. As an alternative, the use of lipase and xylanase is a promising alternative for pretreatment that can minimize the content of hemicellulose and oil or fat in POME. Lipase can hydrolyze fat and oil into short-chain fatty acids and xylanase can hydrolyze hemicellulose into its monomer, thus facilitating biogas production. In this study it was proven that pretreatment with xylanase and lipase was able to reduce total suspended solid (TSS) by 49.21%; total solid (TS) of 34, 52% and increasing reducing sugar by 44.37%, besides that it can reduce oil and fat by 88.82 % at a concentration of 4%. As well as increasing biogas production by 52.17% and removal chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 49.7%."

"This book is about cellulolytic enzyme production and enzymatic hydrolysis for second-generation bioethanol production, bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, biodiesel from conventional feedstocks, establishing oleaginous microalgae research models for consolidated bioprocessing of solar energy, higher alcohols, advances in biogas technology, biohydrogen production from anaerobic fermentation, microbial fuel cells in power generation and extended applications, and fuels and chemicals from hemicellulose sugars."

"Focused manuscript on the potential use/role of miRNAs in bioprocessing, specifically the production of complex proteins in mammalian cells. With that in mind I propose a draft list of topics/chapters along the following lines, intro on CHO/bioprocessing/engineering challenges to set scene, genomic organization, biogenesis and mode of action, Identifying miRNA targets, computational prediction, transcriptomics, proteomices, UTR analysis, etc., miRNA expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells, miRNAs as engineering targets: pathway manipulation to impact bioprocess phenotypes, miRNAs as biomarkers, detection methods : northern, PCR, hybridization arrays, next gen seq, manipulation of expression in cultured cells : transient/stable disregulation, knockout."