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"This work presents an investigation of the influence of different modeling approaches on the quality of fuel economy simulations of hybrid electric powertrains. The main focus is on the challenge to accurately include transient effects and reduce the computation time of complex models. Methods for the composition of entire powertrain models are analyzed as well as the modeling of the individual components internal combustion engine and battery. The results shall help with the selection of suitable models for specific simulation tasks and provide a deeper understanding of the dynamic processes within simulations of hybrid electric vehicles."

"This book provides an overview of friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding with a focus on aluminium to aluminium and aluminium to copper. It also discusses experimental results for friction stir spot welding between aluminium and copper, offering a good foundation for researchers wishing to conduct more investigations on FSSW Al/Cu. Presenting full methodologies for manufacturing and case studies on FSSW Al/Cu, which can be duplicated and used for industrial purposes, it also provides a starting point for researchers and experts in the field to investigate the FSSW process in detail. A variant of the friction stir welding process (FSW), friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a relatively new joining technique and has been used in a variety of sectors, such as the automotive and aerospace industries. The book describes the microstructural evolution, chemical and mechanical properties of FSW and FSSW, including a number of case studies."

"This fundamental work explains in detail the driver assistance systems for active safety and driver assistance, considering both their structure and their function. These include the well-known standard systems such as Anti-lock braking system (ABS), Electronic Stability Control (ESC) or Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). But it includes also new systems for protecting collisions protection, for changing the lane, or for convenient parking.The book aims at giving a complete picture focusing on the entire system. First, it describes the components which are necessary for assistance systems, such as sensors, actuators, mechatronic subsystems, and control elements. Then, it explains key features for the user-friendly design of human-machine interfaces between driver and assistance system. Finally, important characteristic features of driver assistance systems for particular vehicles are presented: Systems for commercial vehicles and motorcycles."

"Bencana alam di Indonesia khususnya bencana banjir membuat kerusakan di beberapa pabrik di Indonesia yang mengakibatkan terjadinya pengurangan produksi saat bencana banjir khususnya pada perusahaan otomotif. Untuk membantu memitigasi risiko-risiko yang terjadi pada bencana banjir, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian terhadap manajemen risiko rantai pasok dengan menggunakan metode House of Risk (HOR). Penggunaan House of Risk (HOR) ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko serta untuk merancang prioritas risiko. Kemudian mitigasi dari masing-masing risiko terpilih teridentifikasi dan dirancang prioritas mitigasinya. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa teridentifikasinya 14 risk events yang disebabkan oleh 11 agen risiko dan dimitigasi oleh 12 aksi mitigasi.

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Natural disasters in Indonesia, especially floods caused damage to several factories in Indonesia which resulted in reduced production during flood disasters, especially for companies. To help mitigate the risks that occur in flood disasters, it is necessary to conduct research on supply chain risk management using the House of Risk (HOR) method. The use of the House of Risk (HOR) aims to identify risks and design risk priorities. Then the mitigation from each assessment is selected and the mitigation priority is designed. The results of this study are 14 risk events caused by 11 risk agents and mitigated by 12 mitigation actions."

"Perancangan kendaraan ini adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan di bidang otomotif sebagai alat peraga pendidikan yang menarik khususnya kendaraan darat roda empat. Perancangan ini dilakukan dengan membuat model tiga dimensi dan di simulasikan menggunakan software Autodesk Inventor dan SolidWorks. Kendaraan ini dirancang dengan rangka dasar dari mobil kit Lotus atau Caterham Seven yang memiliki rangka spaceframe dengan beberapa modifikasi untuk dapat menyesuaikan dengan part dari kendaraan lokal sebagai donor. Part-part dari kendaraan donor digambar dan disatukan dalam software dan dilakukan analisa pembebanan menggunakan software tersebut. Suspensi depan kendaraan ini dirancang untuk dapat memiliki kebebasan yang lebih pada pengaturan geometrinya agar dapat lebih dipelajari pengendaliannya. Suspensi depan kendaraan ini menganut sistem double wishbone yaitu menggunakan dua lengan kontrol untuk kebebasan yang besar, dan rigid axle pada suspensi belakang untuk kemudahan pencarian donor. Dari perancangan tersebut didapatkan camber maksimum pada kondisi normal sebesar + 40 dan minimum sebesar -30, serta dalam kondisi ekstrem sebesar +14.640 dan -160, untuk caster didapatkan antara -4.150 dan +6.580, ketinggian roll center depan kendaraan ini dapat diatur antara 0 mm sampai 189.76 mm dari permukaan tanah. Simulasi pembebanan menggunakan komputer dilakukan dalam perancangan ini dengan menerapkan beberapa parameter dalam penggunaan kendaraan ini. Hasil dari simulasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa rancangan yang dibuat sudah cukup kokoh.

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The design of these vehicles is to meet the educational needs in the automotive field as educational props of four-wheeled land vehicle. This design is done by creating a three-dimensional model and simulated using the software Autodesk Inventor and SolidWorks. The vehicle was designed with the basic framework of the Lotus or Caterham Seven car kit that has a spaceframe type frame with some modifications to meets to the local vehicles part as the donor. The parts of the donor vehicle drawn and assembled in the software and stress analyzed using that software. The front suspension of this vehicle is designed to have more degree of freedom in the geometric arrangement so its handling can be learned. The vehicle's front suspension adopts a double wishbone that use two control arms for great freedom, and a rigid axle rear suspension for ease of finding a donor. The design of the maximum camber obtained under normal conditions of + 40 and minimum of -30, and in extreme conditions of +14.640 and -160, for the caster found between -4.150 and +6.580, the height of the front roll center of this vehicle can be set between 0 mm up to 189.76 mm from the ground. Loading simulations using a computer made in this design by applying some of the parameters in the use of these vehicles. The results of the simulations showed that the design created is rigid."

"Pengalihan kewenangan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan PBB-P2 atas jalan tol dari Pemerintah Pusat ke Pemerintah Daerah menimbulkan suatu permasalahan karena ruas jalan tol yang melewati lebih dari satu kabupaten/kota berlaku lebih dari satu Peraturan Daerah. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam. Berdasarkan hasil anaisis, tahap penilaian dan penetapan PBB-P2 menjadi perhatian terkait penetepan Nilai Jual Objek Pajak NJOP. Ketetapan besarnya PBB-P2 setiap tahun cenderung mengalami kenaikan. Kenaikan PBB-P2 menjadi alasan kenaikan Beban Umum dan Administrasi pada awal pengalihan kewenangan.

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The transfer of authority of the Urban and Rural Property Tax PBB P2 on toll roads from the Central Government to the Regional Government creates a problem as toll roads passing through more than one regency city apply more than one Regional Regulation. The analytical techniques used in the study used qualitative analysis techniques based on the results of in depth interviews. Based on the results of analysis, the assessment and determination of PBB P2 becomes a concern related to NJOP. The magnitude of PBB P2 is increasing every year. The increase in PBB P2 became the reason for the increase in General and Administrative Expenses at the beginning of the transfer of authority."

"This book focuses on application fields such as electrification, power train and vehicle efficiency, safety and driver assistance, networked vehicles, as well as components and systems.;This book focuses on application fields such as electrification, power train and vehicle efficiency, safety and driver assistance, networked vehicles, as well as components and systems.;This book focuses on application fields such as electrification, power train and vehicle efficiency, safety and driver assistance, networked vehicles, as well as components and systems."

"Compiled from papers of the 4th Biennial Workshop on DSP (Digital Signal Processing) for In-Vehicle Systems and Safety this edited collection features world-class experts from diverse fields focusing on integrating smart in-vehicle systems with human factors to enhance safety in automobiles. Digital signal processing for in-vehicle systems and safety presents new approaches on how to reduce driver inattention and prevent road accidents. The material addresses DSP technologies in adaptive automobiles, in-vehicle dialogue systems, human machine interfaces, video and audio processing, and in-vehicle speech systems. The volume also features recent advances in smart-car technology, coverage of autonomous vehicles that drive themselves, and information on multi-sensor fusion for driver ID and robust driver monitoring."